1. Component-Based Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Chunyue Liu, Tarek Saadawi & Myung Lee CUNY, City College

2. CCNY2 Outline Motivation Objective Component analysis Current work Future work

3. CCNY3 Motivation Existing research on evaluating MANET routing performance is limited to predefined scenario; The reasons of simulation results on MANET routing are not well understood and interpreted; The shared similarities and specific properties of existing MANET routing protocols are never analyzed under a generalized structure.

4. CCNY4 Objective Develop a generalized component- based routing protocol that can cover most existing MANET routing protocols; Analyze existing MANET routing protocols at component level; Optimize component-based routing performance

5. CCNY5 Component analysis Route information representation Route information initialization Route discovery Route information management

6. CCNY6 Our Focuses How route information initialization affects the performance of on-demand MANET routing protocols; How to improve MANET routing performance by introducing multipath mechanism.

7. CCNY7 Route information initialization

8. CCNY8 Argument Pure on-demand is not the most efficient way to do ad hoc routing, some initial determination of necessary route information when a network is first deployed or a new routing domain is configured, may improve the total performance of pure on-demand routing.

9. CCNY9 Definition We define route initialization as a mechanism that allows source nodes to know of necessary route information before the transmission of real data packets. Two ways of initialization: A-initialization, all nodes doing initialization; S-initialization, only source nodes doing initialization. For the situations without initialization, we call them No-initialization.

10. CCNY10 Simulation Model OPNET Modeler The MAC layer uses the IEEE 802.11 based wireless radio with wireless LAN range of 250m 50 nodes, randomly distributed in 1500*300m 2 Random waypoint mobility model Every result is an average of five runs of simulation with different simulation seeds

11. CCNY11 Performance Metrics Packet delivery rate, the ratio of the total data packets successfully delivered to destinations to those generated by sources. Average end-to-end delay of data packets, this includes all possible delays caused by buffering during route discovery, queuing delays at interface queues, retransmission delays at the MAC, and propagation and transfer times. Normalized routing overhead, the number of routing packets transmitted per data packet successfully delivered to destinations.

12. CCNY12 Results for DSR Fixed mobility, various duration of initialization time a) Average packet delivery rate vs. the duration of initialization time b) Normalized message overhead vs. the duration of initialization c) End-to-end delay vs. the duration of initialization

13. CCNY13 Results for DSR (Cont.) Fixed duration of initialization time, various mobility a) Average packet delivery rate vs. pause time b) Normalized message overhead vs. pause time c) Average end-to-end delay vs. pause time

14. CCNY14 Results for AODV Fixed duration of initialization time, various mobility a) Average packet delivery rate vs. pause time b) Normalized message overhead vs. pause time c) Average end-to-end delay vs. pause time

15. CCNY15 Summary S-initialization is always more efficient than A- initialization under the same traffic pattern. An optimal value of the initialization duration exists for DSR to get the best average end-to-end delay, while AODV does not have this feature. For lower mobility ad hoc network (pause time is greater than 100 seconds), the initialization brings more performance improvement to DSR than to AODV For high mobility ad hoc network, we think initialization should not be applied to either DSR or AODV

16. CCNY16 Future work Identify quality factors of a route that may affect MANET routing performance Improve routing performance by using multiple paths

17. CCNY17 Technical Approaches Operating conditions: network size, node density, mobility, link capacity, traffic patterns, fraction of unidirection links; Route quality factors: bandwidth, freshness, security, energy Performance metrics: End-to-end data throughput, End-to-end delay, Average delivery rate, Average message overhead, Energy consumption Network Operating Conditions Routing Protocol Performance Multiple Routes W\Quality Factors external view internal view

18. CCNY18 Route quality factors Why route quality factors What factors number of routes distance (hop count or distance count) bandwidth (high or low) freshness (good or stale) security (secure or not) energy (node power high or low)

19. CCNY19 Route Freshness We define Route Freshness Index (RFI) as the probability that the route is valid, that is to say, all the links on the route are active. Link Freshness Index (LFI) is defined to be the probability that the link is active. RFI = Maintenance of LFI and RFI

20. CCNY20 Multipath routing Multipath routing addresses the following components: Route information representation Multiple routes discovery Route cache management Route selection strategies

21. CCNY21 Multiple routes discovery How local discovery is put together to determine multiple paths How to rank multiple paths How to handle route reply storm

22. CCNY22 Route cache management What kind of route information will be filled into cache Methods to update of route quality factor information and how often Methods to handle node join and leave Performance effects of above schemes

23. CCNY23 Route selection strategies Shortest path Throughput Reliability Delay, jitter Freshness Energy conservation f(a,b,c,d…)

24. CCNY24 THANK YOU!