1. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air The Atmospheric Layers

2. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air The Gas Energy Exchanges Radiation Sensible Heat T in > T out T in < T out Latent Heat Evaporation Condensation WATER VAPOR Work Pressure and volume variation

3. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Incoming and Emitted Radiation

4. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air The Atmospheric Energy Balance Incoming Solar Radiation 100% - 343 Wm -2 Absorbed by the earth46% Reflected by the atmosphere25% (gas, aerosols, clouds) Absorbed by the atmosphere23% (gas, aerosols, clouds) Absorbed by the atmosphere 106% (greenhouse gases, clouds) Re-emitted by the atmosphere (greenhouse gases, clouds) and absorbed by the earth100% Emitted by the earth115% Latent and Sensible Heat 31% Re-emitted by the atmosphere 60% (greenhouse gases, clouds) Emitted by the earth9% Reflected by the earth 6% Long Wave Long Wave Long Wave Short Wave

5. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air O 2 + h →O + O 1D  < 175 nm O 2 + h →O + O175 <  < 245 nm O 3 + h →O 2 + O 1D  < 310 nm O 3 + h →O 2 + O  > 310 nm O 1D + M→O + M O + O 2 + M→O 3 + M The Absorption in the Stratosphere

6. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air The Greenhouse Gas

7. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air The Earth Surface Energy Balance Short Wave Radiation Long Wave Radiation Sensible Heat Latent Heat T surf > T atm T surf > T soil Ground Evaporation Day

8. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Night The Earth Surface Energy Balance T surf < T atm T surf < T soil Condensation Long Wave Radiation Sensible Heat Latent Heat Ground

9. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air The Earth Surface Energy Balance

10. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air The Effect of the Earth Rotation with Coriolis Centripetal a c1 = - f V + 2  W cos  in X-direction a c2 = f U in Y-direction a c3 = 2  U cos  in Z-direction f = 2  sin    a c1 R a c3 a c2 Acceleration

11. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air The Effect of the Earth Rotation In X direction:  S x.dP G = m f V G In Y direction:  S y.dP G = - m f U G

12. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Global Atmospheric Circulation High pressure Polar front Polar front

13. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air The Effects of the Surface Friction Friction forces Ekman Layer

14. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air The Effects of the Gravity Hydrostatic Pressure Vertical Temperature Gradient v Vd m P dTC 

15. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Mass conservation Substance Air

16. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Energy conservation The potential temperature  is the temperature an unsaturated air parcel attains if it brought adiabatically from its altitude down to a pressure of P 0 =1000 mb (approximately the sea level).

17. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Motion conservation Buoyancy where

18. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Atmospheric Stability Temperature Wind Speed Unstable Boundary Layer Temperature Wind Speed Stable Boundary Layer Stable Atmosphere Unstable Atmosphere or

19. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Conservation form of the equations

20. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Sea breeze

21. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Slope Winds Day Night

22. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Mountain Waves

23. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air The Transport Concentrations Distance Analytical solution Initial Condition

24. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air The Diffusion Concentrations Distance Analytical solution Initial Condition

25. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air The Chemistry Concentrations Distance A + C B

26. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air The Turbulence Wind Speed Eddies Space or Time

27. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air The turbulence averaging

28. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air The turbulence averaging

29. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Turbulent kinetic energy

30. ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air

34. Prandtl (surface) boundary layer