1. Populations

2. Demography

3. Demography is the study of processes that influence population size - it is the way we study changes brought about by births, deaths and dispersal For Northwest Montana, Greater Yellowstone, Central Idaho

4. The Fundamental Equation of Ecology – Harper 1977 Δ N = B – D + I – E Change in Number = Births – Deaths + Immigration - Emigration John L. Harper – 1925-2009

5. Rearrange Fundamental Equation Δ N = B – D + I – E N future = N now + B – D + I – E Often we assume that I = E, so no net dispersal

6. Common Field Grasshopper

7. Grasshopper – development and incomplete metamorphosis

9. Red Deer – Stag, Hind, Fawn

10. Isle of Rhum, Scotland

11. Red deer fawn being tagged for study

14. Arithmetic scaleLogarithmic scale

15. General types of survivorship curves

16. Human management of species may change survivorship curves A – fish mortality in typical population B – fish taken by fishing

19. Population Pyramid For France Jan. 1, 1967

21. Changes in population of Japan over time

22. Changes in population of Canada from 1971-2006