1. Multi-camera Tracking of Articulated Human Motion using Motion and Shape Cues Aravind Sundaresan and Rama Chellappa Center for Automation Research University of Maryland, College Park MD USA

2. What is motion capture? Motion capture (Mocap) is the process of analysing and expressing human motion in mathematical terms. Initialisation, Pose estimation and Tracking. Applications Motion Analysis for clinical studies, Human-computer interaction, Computer animation. Marker-based systems have shortcomings Cumbersome, introduce artefacts, time consuming. Marker-less system desirable.

3. Calibration and Human body model Use multiple cameras (8) in our capture 640x480 grey scale images at 30 fps. Calibrated using algorithm of Svoboda. Use articulated human body model. Super-quadrics for body segments. Model described by joint locations and super-quadrics. Pose is described by joint angles.

4. Overview Use images from multiple cameras. Compute 2-D pixel displacement between t and t+1. Predict 3-D pose at t+1 using pixel displacement. Compute spatial energy function as function of pose. Minimise energy function to obtain pose at t+1.

5. Tracking Framework Use motion and spatial cues for tracking. Motion cues use texture.  Error accumulation: estimates only change in pose. Spatial cues obtained from silhouettes, edges, etc.  Instability: Solutions are stable only “locally”. Predictor-Corrector framework. Predictor:  Compute motion( t ) from pixel displacement.  Predict pose( t+1 ) from pose( t ) and motion( t ). Corrector:  Assimilate spatial cues into single energy function.  Correct pose( t+1 ) by minimising energy function.

6. Pixel registration and displacement Project model onto image to obtain Body part label for pixel. 3-D location of pixel. Mask for each body part Find dense pixel correspondence using Parametric optical flow-based algorithm for each segment.. Minimise MSE:

7. Pose from pixel displacement State-space formulation Linearisation We show that Taylor series Iteratively estimate pose

8. Combine spatial cues Combine multiple spatial cues into a single “spatial energy function”. Compute pose energy as function of dx, dy and Φ. +=

9. Minimise 3D pose energy Given multiple views and 3-D pose Compute 2-D pose for i th image Compute E i for i th camera using 2-D pose 3D pose energy, E = E 1 + E 2 +... + E n Compute minimum energy pose using optimisation.

10. Tracking results