1. Smart Meters to Smart Grid Peter Larsson
Chiang Mai, September 2011

2. Echelon Energy Control Network:
Introducing Echelon
Market
Maker
Global
Innovator
Field
Proven
Passionate
Customers 20
years 97
patents
100M
smart devices
>1,000 customers
First Energy Control Network
HQ Silicon
Valley
“Plant-to-Plug” solutions
Commercial, Utilities
Echelon Energy Control Network:
delivering the open, intelligent, distributed control necessary to realize the $50B+ Smart Grid future 2

3. A Fundamental Shift Is Underway
YESTERDAY:
Single source, local
Steady-state
Captive consumer
Ubiquitous, cheap
Single business model
TODAY:
Distributed energy sources, global
Erratic demand
Consumer choice and participation
Key GDP component, price pressure
New business models

4. The Answer: Push Control to the Edge Energy Control Network4
“Push Control to the Edge”
Process High
Data Volumes,
Share Relevant Information
Eliminate Failure: Sense and Respond,
Drive 100% Reliability
Local, Real-Time,
Autonomous Decisions
Make it Easy to Add Applications, Over Time

5. Why An Energy Control Network?
NET-NET: Lower cost structure, drive revenue, improve customer experience
Smart, Fast
Local Decisions
Distributed intelligence
Zero latency
Automated: no human intervention
Relevant Information
Prevent data deluge: share results
Open/interoperable: across every device and network
Bullet-Proof Reliability
No single point of failure: 100% survivable
Harsh environments
Infinite Applications
Start anywhere
Backward/forward compatible
Add more apps,
over time
Plant-to-Plug solutions 5
Higher-level messages; four pillars of differentiation
Orchestrated, managed across multiple networks and devices

6. Echelon Energy Control System Three-Tier Architecture
100% Reliable
100% Survivable
0 Latency
All Powered by Echelon Energy Control Software

7. Energy Control Products for Utility Markets
System Management & Operating System Software
ECoS System Software; Element Manager, Diagnostic, and Provisioning Tools; System Middleware
Connectivity & Control Devices
Data Concentrators, Edge Control Network Platform
Add Power Line transceiver IC on the bottom tier
Smart Transceivers & Devices
Smart Meters, NES Embedded Modules for Smart Devices 7

8. It’s All Coming Together Linz Strom AG Customer Example•
High ROI
Feature-rich
Safe choice
Reliable and scalable
Open standards
Scalable ecosystem
It’s All Coming Together Linz Strom AG Customer Example
Residential Demand Response
Smart Metering
Linz Strom AG Data Center
Smart Neighborhoods
Smart Street Lighting
Smart Cities & Streetlights 8

9. Benefits to Utilities CEO Customer Service CFO Operations
Increase use of renewable capacity
Embrace and profit from the emergence of smart devices and distributed generation
Cut energy delivery costs 20% by eliminating “peaker plants”
Deliver a superior customer experience by giving customers choice and participation
Real-time observability
Give consumers choice and control
Manage across multiple networks and devices
Bullet-proof reliability: 100% available, no single point of failure
Works with existing investments
Reduce fraud and tampering 10-20%
Reduce field headcount with automation and self-healing
Achieve return on investment in 4 years
Cut deployment time in half
Share data across every device and network: open and interoperable
Start anywhere and future proof: add subsystems and applications over time

10. Example of Smart Meter Architecture
Element Manager
Networked Energy Services

11. Smart Meters Meters Detailed electrical measurements
Active and reactive energy
Import and export metering
Flexible time of use metering
Extended information & alarms
Multi-channel data recorder
Power quality data and alarms
Tamper and theft detection
Connectivity to other meters and devices
Built-in disconnect
On/off
Load limiting/service upgrade to any level
Prepay
Remote firmware download support
Let’s introduce the NES meters, the 1021 is a single-phase meter, the 1023 is poly-phase, and the 2023 is an external current transformer variant of the 1023 that allows use in high-amperage metering situations. As you go through the coming slides, remember that some features do not make sense in the CT meter (e.g., disconnect switch) and thus do not apply– otherwise, it is substantially the same meter as the poly-phase 1023.
The NES meters were designed to be a best-in-breed standalone meter, with rich functionality including time of use pricing, power quality and load profiling, while simultaneously having built-in communications to access that full data offering, as well as provide remote control of the (main and auxiliary) load. They are also a networking hub, allowing the remote interface of pulse and M-Bus auxiliary meters over the same NES infrastructure. These last features are made optional in order to provide the best possible pricing for utilities that do not have a need for load control, pulse, M-Bus or any combination thereof.

12. The On-going Value of an Integrated Switch Disconnect
Remote disconnect
For customer change
For rental homes
For non-payment
Internal trip for maximum power
Control peak loads and defer investments in additional generating capacity
Offer “Lifeline Disconnect” capability
Remotely change service offering
Prepay support

13. The On-going Value of Power Quality Measurement
Per customer quality of service (QOS) information
Under and over voltage
Over-current
Maximum and minimum frequency
Phase loss
Detailed outage and restoration reporting
Total number
Duration and time
Configurable outage threshold
Meet current and future regulatory standards
Save cost through preventative maintenance & transformer optimization
Opportunity to differentiate service plans based on QOS
The amount of time that power must be out to constitute an outage that should be stored (e.g., 3 minutes) is configurable

14. Data Concentrators Automates and manages the low voltage network
Detects meter additions, removals, and tampers
Establishes reliable mesh communications
Provides flexible, WAN-independent modem interface
Supports time-shifting of communications to optimize cost
The data concentrator autonomously manages the meters and enables remote access to the data they collect.
There is one data concentrator for every low voltage transformer. On one side, it “talks” to the meters over power line, on the other side, it “talks” to the System Software over TCP/IP. The device is designed to work like a “black box” after initial setup and require no direct maintenance or supervision.
Given the environments the concentrators are usually installed in, much consideration has been given to the hardware design, particularly EMC performance. There are over 300K units of this same hardware platform successfully installed and operating.
On the power line side: You can think of the meters acting like nodes on a local area network over the power line. The concentrator acts as the master network manager, setting up logical addresses for the meters it will supervise, determining the best paths to reach that meter, and managing authentication and time synchronization.
There are two versions of concentrators available, one for high meter-to-transformer density areas which manages up to 1024 meters, and one for low density which manages just 5 meters and is significantly less expensive as a result.
As we alluded to before, the power line is a noisy environment and simplistic methods of communication will not succeed consistently. To ensure reliable connections on-demand, the concentrator constantly checks connectivity of each managed meter and sets up alternate paths. These paths take advantage of repeaters, a functionality built into every NES meter, such that if a concentrator cannot directly communicate to a meter because of distance or noise, then it will use another meter that can hear both the target meter AND the concentrator to proxy the message along. These repeater chains can be up to 8 hops in length.
Finally, the concentrator is tasked with monitoring the health of the local grid and the component meters, determining if there are power outages, collecting status events from the meters such as tamper alarms, as well as examining the communication phase of a single phase meter to ensure it has not changed since the initial communication (an indication of tampering activity). The concentrator on average talks to each meter every 15 minutes to collect status and check connectivity.
On the wide area network side, the data concentrator acts as the interface between the enterprise software systems (making calls into the NES System Software, which we will discuss in depth in just a few slides), and the metering hardware. Its most identifiable task is of course, concentrating data from all the meters it supervises into one centralized location. In this way you avoid having to have point-to-point wide area network connections to each meter. On top of the standard operation of aggregating information such as billing data, the concentrator also allows direct connection from the System Software to any given meter– remember, NES is bi-directional. This enables on-demand functionality such as pulling the current consumption from a meter when a customer calls or disconnecting a meter remotely.
Bi-directionality is not just limited to the meter communication– the concentrator is likewise capable of initiating and receiving connections. In the general case, the System Software connects to it periodically to collect data or obtain access to a particular meter, but if the concentrator notices alarms during its periodic surveys of the meters, it can report them immediately on its own.
We will talk about the logistics of connecting the concentrator to a WAN in a later slide, but it is appropriate here to briefly discuss the WAN technologies supported. The concentrator has a standard DB-9 serial port that is intended for connection to any Hayes AT modem. This allows the concentrator to connect to practically any Wide Area Network type, examples being GSM, GPRS, landline, always-on, etc. Another major advantage is that as these devices have 18 year lifetimes, it is highly likely that the preferred WAN technology for a given project will change– so the serial port lends itself to a quick technology changeover whenever necessary (if they question that the serial port will be outdated in 18 years, remind them that there is an unbelievable large legacy of these and cheap serial to X converters will always be available).

15. Duke Energy, USA
Duke is one of the largest electric power companies in the United States, supplying and delivering energy to approximately 4 million U.S. customers.
Duke has approximately 35,000 megawatts of electric generating capacity.
Duke’s commercial and international businesses own and operate diverse power generation assets in North America and Latin America.
Duke Energy is a Fortune 500 company traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol DUK.

16. Benefits of using NES Power Line
100% GIS Accuracy
GIS data wrong
Constant indexing of transformer and meter
GPS coordinates
Transformer Efficiency
Optimize load and phase balance
Predictive Fault Detection
The PLC signal amplitude indicates weakness and fault

17. Duke Energy – Utility of the Future

18. Check Metering Energy Theft
Transformer meter to managed meter comparison
Revenue protection benefits
Average monthly bill
$80
Average annual bill
$960
Estimated level of line tapping by customers
0.50%
Percentage stopped by Echelon's Networked Energy Services
90%
Avoided Annual Lost Income from line tapping
$4,752,000
Avoided Lost Income from line tapping capitalized over project life (20 years)
$56,788,218

19. Case study Vattenfall Group in brief
Europe’s fourth largest generator of electricity and the largest generator of heat
BG Vattenfall Nordic
(Sweden, Finland, Denmark)
BG Vattenfall Poland
BG Vattenfall Europe
(Germany)
Operations in Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Germany and Poland
Vision: To be a leading European energy company
Electricity generation, transmission, distribution, sales and trading
Heat generation, distribution and sales
More than 32,000 employees
Turn-over 13,697 MEUR
Vattenfall AB is wholly owned by the Swedish State

24. Market development - investment
Functionality
Cost
AMR 1
AMR 2
AMR 3

27. Flexible and open Architecture
Utility Software
Utility Server
Web services
Web events
Energy
Modules
NES System Software
IP/WAN
GPRS, CDMA, GSM, PSTN, Broadband
Energy Manager
Data
Concentrator
C-band PLC
ZigBee
Meter
DHA Power Line Interface
A-band PLC
Power Line/
ZigBee
Pulse Inputs
M-Bus,
MEP 27

28. Beyond the Meter Renewable Integration In Home Displays UCM PHEV
In Home Displays: Blue Line Innovations / Energy Inc. (smarthome.com)
Home Automation: < 20 amps, replace light switch / outlet with device that can be controlled via internet / cell phone.
X10 – PLC ; Inspeon PLC & RF combination
Remote Control… energy saver / dim lights / turn lights on/off , etc.
Grid Point: > 20 amp loads
Transparency of what different loads cost in the house
Allows you to control devices in the house
Provides battery back up 10KW
Manages Renewables (PV panel & wind generation) by storing energy in the
battery for use later
Renewables: PV, thermal solar for water heating, wind
IBM scientist have been able to generate 70 watts / sq. centimeter solar cell using CPV (concentrator photovoltaics) technology in the lab.
Smart Meter
Home Automation
Whole House Energy Manager
Smart Thermostats
Mobile Support

29. EDGE CONTROL NODE

30. Bringing Smart Apps to the Smart Grid
Multiple applications
One common platform
Open to all
All devices
All networks
All developers
Intelligent distributed control

31. The Smart Grid goes Beyond The Smart Meter
Energy management devices
Grid efficiency devices
Distribution automation systems
Gas, water, heat meters
Solar inverters
EV chargers …

32. Transformer/Cabinet Monitoring
Oil temperature
Flood
Door
Circuit breakers
Digital input
3rd party
ControlPoint-based devices
C-Band PLC devices
Serial devices
Expansion card

33. In Conclusion Why A shift is occurring, creating new demands
from “plant-to-plug”
Creating a need to push control to the edge
The answer: Energy Control Network
Smart, fast local decisions
Bullet-proof reliability
Orchestration and management
Why
Relevant information
Infinite applications 33

34. Peter Larsson +65 97 28 50 50 plarsson@echelon.com
Thank you
Peter Larsson