1. Basic Seismic Processing INPUT FILTER CMP Gather NMO STACK MIGRATE DISPLAY GEOM VEL ANAL STATICS MUTE

2. More Seismic Processing INPUT BP FILTER CMP Gather NMO STACK MIGRATE DISPLAY GEOM VEL ANAL STATICS DEMUX VIB CORR FK FILTER DECON DMO/ MIGRATE SAVE DECON FK FILTER MUTE GAIN RCVR COHERENCY ENHANCE COHERENCY ENHANCE TIME TO DEPTH EDIT

3. Stack

4. Migration actual Seismic section (unmigrated) Migration (move it back) sin(  ) = tan (  ), where  = true dip,  = apparent dip

5. Migration: Syncline

6. Migration Effects Models (perfectly migrated) Synthetic Seismic Sections (Unmigrated)

7. Diffraction Point Reflector (Diffractor) Reflection Response (Diffraction)

8. Diffraction Model of Generic Reflection Multiple diffractors  x = finite Multiple diffractors  x 0

9. Migration with Velocity Distortion Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 ALL

10. Depth Migration & Stack Smearing Zero-0ffset (Single fold) 10 Fold Stack

11. Migration Ex: Syncline Before After Migration ?

12. Migration Ex: Fault Before MigrationAfter Migration

13. Migration Example Before Migration After Migration

14. Migration: Methodology Diffraction Summation (Diffraction Stack) Wavefront Summation (Kirchoff Stack) unmigrated migrated

15. Migration Methodology Exploding Reflector (Back Propagation, Wave Equation Finite Difference, FK)

16. Migration Artifacts: Aperture 35 traces 70 traces 150 traces 256 traces

17. Migration Artifacts: Velocity Migration Artifacts: Velocity True V V 5% low V 10% low V 20% low

18. Migration and Noise Random Noise + Migration Migration “smiles” esp at edges of data Unmigrated Migrated

19. Migration: Voila Note: Steep dip migration