1. Considering Ending Hunger after 10 years Last 10 years have reinforced role of 3 key factors in reducing poverty and hunger: Broad-based economic growth (usually led by strong exports) Education & Status of Women Technology

3. Economic Growth & Poverty Since 2006 Peru’s economy has grown by an average of 7%. Percent of Peruvians living below the poverty has fallen from 49% in 2004 to 35% in 2009. Between 2005-2010 Peru climbed 24 places in the UN Human Development Report.

4. Some of the Countries with the Highest Econ. Growth 2000-2010 Angola 10.4% (average GDP growth 2000-10, China 9.9% constant prices) Sierra Leone 9.2% Nigeria 8.4% Nigeria, Armenia & Kazakhstan 8.0% Mozambique 8% Ethiopia 7.7% India 7.2% Vietnam 7.1%

5. Some of the Countries with the Lowest Econ. Growth 2000-2010 Zimbabwe -4.6% Eritrea -0.3% Haiti -0.1% Ivory Coast 0.6% Germany & Japan 0.8%

6. Redistribution Does Not Work in Practice Cuba Venezuela Soviet Union China (under Mao) North Korea

7. Education and Status of Women

8. Scores of Studies have established the Role of Women’s Education With data from Brazil found that the following relation between mother’s education and preschool children’s malnutrition. Used height for age – stunting – reflects chronic malnutrition. Mother’s with <4 years of educ: 24.6% 4-7 years: 14.9% 8-10 years 12.5% 11 or more years: 2.8%

9. Success of Conditional Cash Transfers in Reducing Poverty/Hungry Programs aim to reduce poverty by making welfare payments conditional upon recipients’ actions. Criteria may include children attending school and/or regular visits to health clinics. Reduces both current and future poverty. Particularly popular in Latin America, where some 110 million benefit from such programs. Bolsa Familia & Oportunidades

10. Bolsa Familia in Brazil Reaches 11 million families; 46 million people. Very well targeted; 94% of benefits go to poorest 40% of population. Poor families with children receive $35/month. Conditional on children staying in school and getting regular health checks. Most of money goes to buying food & school supplies.

11. Oportunidades in Mexico Provides educational grants to poor families. Over 4 million families participate. Monthly grant is per child: $10.50/mo. for 3 rd grade, $58 for boys and $66 for girls in high school. All family members receive health care, with emphasis on preventive care.

12. continued Nutrition component: $15.50 for improved food consumption Nutritional supplements for children 4 months to 2 years, malnourished children, & pregnant & lactating mothers. IFPRI found for participants: Increased school enrollment More balanced diets. Receiving more medical attention