1. Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services Alfons A.M. Schaafsma, Vincent A. Weeda ProRail, Department of Traffic Control

2. Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services /2 Rail Transport Growth!  On existing network: Efficient capacity use (exactly right reservation, multifunctional)  Local measures (RailDelft, CompRail XI) now: Approach  Feedback: Continuous Improvement

3. Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services /3 Objective: Matching Schedule and Operation Operation according to output standards? YesNo Schedule feasible according to standards? Yes OK. No Apply standards pragmatically 1. Measures in operation. 2. Adapt the schedule to the operation. Apply DTM measures

4. Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services /4 Monitoring: Time Windows

5. Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services /5 Meppel: Synchronisation Point 2nd Train: Groningen.04 Hoogeveen.42.56/.57 1st Train: Leeuwarden.04 Schedule: arr.52/ dep.53 Zwolle Meppel South Operation according to output standards? YesNo Schedule feasible according to standards? YesIs gaining speed possible? 1. Measures in operation. 2. Adapt the schedule to the operation. NoApply standards pragmatically Apply DTM measures

6. Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services /6 Meppel: Adverse Effects of Margins Arrival delay Meppel (min) Dwell time Meppel (sec) 1st Train blocks way Departure delay Hoogeveen (min) Running time Hoogeveen- Meppel (min) 2nd Train runs into conflict

7. Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services /7 Dordrecht Bridge  Hour pattern  Incidental capacity claim 6x/day Operation according to output standards? YesNo Schedule feasible according to standards? YesIs gaining speed possible? 1. Measures in operation. 2. Adapt the schedule to the operation. NoApply standards pragmatically Apply DTM measures

8. Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services /8 1.Choose sync. points (limited #) 2.Allocate margin just before sync. point Conflict-free Scheduling Approach Early due to margin Conflict (dotted line would be conflict-free) Standard headway Time Distance Same headway Saved travel time No margin on the route

9. Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services /9 1.Choose sync. points (limited #) 2.Allocate margin just before sync. point 3.Use feasible headway & cross times Conflict-free Scheduling Approach 4.Differentiate standards (incidental trains)

10. Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services /10 Apply DTM Measures  QUANTITY bottleneck  Hourly capacity is not sufficient  Example: Schiphol tunnel Platform capacity Conflicting routes  QUALITY bottleneck  Hourly capacity is sufficient,  Customer specs. can not be met  Example: Amsterdam- Utrecht Operation according to output standards? YesNo Schedule feasible according to standards? YesIs gaining speed possible? 1. Measures in operation. 2. Adapt the schedule to the operation. NoApply standards pragmatically Apply DTM measures

11. Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services /11 3500 Shl - Ehv 3000 Hdr - Nm First Come First Serve Example Quality Bottleneck 29 33 32 26 Utrecht Amsterdam Schiphol

12. Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services /12 DTM: optimising the use of capacity in bottlenecks in 5 steps 1.Identification of bottlenecks 2.DTM arrangements for flow optimising 3.Effect on speed and width time window? 4.Defining of buffer after bottleneck 5.Measuring and fine tuning

13. Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services /13 Conclusion: Matching Schedule and Operation Operation according to output standards? YesNo Schedule feasible according to standards? Yes Is gaining speed possible? 1. Measures in operation. 2. Adapt the schedule to the operation. No Apply standards pragmatically Apply DTM measures

14. Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services /14 “Traveling without a timetable” enabled by A Different Approach to  Capacity Growth Planning  Capacity Allocation  Scheduling and Dispatching trains

15. Operation-driven Scheduling Approach for Fast, Frequent and Reliable Railway Services /15 Discussion Issues  Flexible standards make fair capacity management difficult.  Dense traffic requires local timetable solutions.  Bottleneck approach indentifies the capacity problems in a network.