1. Biogenic emissions from tropical ecosystems Michael Barkley & Paul Palmer University of Edinburgh

2. biogenic, pryogenic, anthropogenic pryogenic anthropogenic biogenic anthropogenic pryogenic pyrogenic anthropogenic biogenic anthropogenic Thomas Kurosu, Harvard-Smithsonian HCHO August 2006 (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) Isoprene is the main driver of variability in Ω HCHO (Palmer et al., JGR, 2003,2006)

3. Inverting HCHO columns for isoprene emissions GOME slant columns (July 96)

4. Instrument sensitivity w(s) (“scattering weight”) Vertical shape factor S(s) (normalized mixing ratio) what GOME sees Apply AMF Inverting HCHO columns for isoprene emissions GOME slant columns (July 96) GOME vertical columns (July 96) VCD = SCD / AMF

5. GOME slant columns (July 96) GOME vertical columns (July 96) Apply AMF Ω HCHO =SE isop +B Model Transfer Function

6. GOME slant columns (July 96) GOME vertical columns (July 96) Apply AMF Ω HCHO =SE isop +B E isop ~ (Ω HCHO -B) / S Model Transfer Function

7. GOME slant columns (July 96) GOME vertical columns (July 96) GOME isoprene emission inventory Apply AMF Ω HCHO =SE isop +B E isop ~ (Ω HCHO -B) / S Model Transfer Function

8. The tropics: GOME observations: Jan-June 1997 Plots smoothed with 3x3 box-car filter!

9. The tropics: GOME observations: July-Dec 1997 Plots smoothed with 3x3 box-car filter!

10. Significant pyrogenic HCHO source Plots smoothed with 3x3 box-car filter! Grey diamonds = fires detected by ATSR

11. Partition Amazon into West & East regions Plots smoothed with 3x3 box-car filter!

12. East region: Contribution of wild fires  Biomass burning is the main source of HCHO Maximum in dry season

13. Partition Amazon into West & East regions Plots smoothed with 3x3 box-car filter!

14. Isolate West Amazonian + remove fires Plots smoothed with 3x3 box-car filter!

15. 5 yr time series over western Amazonian

16. Transport of biomass burning ? Water availability In situ isoprene data @ 2.8°S, 59.4 ° W (Trostdorf et al., ACPD, 2004) Yr = 2002 Rainfall

17. Plots smoothed with 3x3 box-car filter! August 2001 Tropics: GEOS-CHEM 3 vs. GEOS-CHEM 4

18. GOME VCDs: July-Dec 1997 Plots smoothed with 3x3 box-car filter!

19. GEOS-CHEM v4 VCDs: July-Dec 1997 Hmm?

20. GEOS 4GEOS 3 August 2001 Environmental factors affecting isoprene emissions: temperature (exponential depend n ) solar irradiance leaf area index leaf age T2M TS

21. T2M TS 4-3 GEOS 4GEOS 3

22. Initial emission estimates: using GEOS-CHEM 3 Plots smoothed with 3x3 box-car filter! 9.90 TgC 8.01 TgC 15.98 TgC 9.01 TgC 9.26 TgC 11.91 TgC GOME MEGAN GOME MEGAN GOME MEGAN

23. Contribution of other VOCS ? Mean hourly VOC emissions 1-13 June 2006 in northern Benin ~9.3°S, 1.4°W (Data from African Monsoon Multidisciplinary campaign) Future work: Use Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) to estimate time- dependent production of HCHO from limonene

24. Summary GOME & OMI HCHO columns –Have the potential to help improve our understanding of isoprene in tropical regions & better quantify isoprene emission inventories GEOS-CHEM 4 very high HCHO columns over tropics –Welcome thoughts & suggestions Can produce initial estimates (using GEOS-CHEM 3) –Separate out pyrogenic component –Identify contributions of other VOCs (e.g. limonene)

25. Further Discussion

27. Linear Regressions for 2001

28. GEOS-CHEM 3 vs. GEOS-CHEM 4 GEOS-CHEM 3

29. GEOS-CHEM 3 vs. GEOS-CHEM 4 GEOS-CHEM 4

30. GEOS-CHEM 3 vs. GEOS-CHEM 4 GEOS-CHEM 3

31. GEOS-CHEM 3 vs. GEOS-CHEM 4 GEOS-CHEM 4

32. Control RunNo biomass burning No biomass burning or biofuelNo biomass burning, biofuel or biogenics

33. The End !