1. Morphology Lesson 6B

2. ESONERO LUNEDI 15 DICEMBRE 10.00 NESSUNA PRENOTAZIONE ore 10-00 A-L ore11.00 M-Z

3. Structure UsePragmatics Meaning (semantics) Grammar Medium of Transmission PhoneticsPhonologyMorphologySyntaxLexiconDiscourse Structure of Spoken Language (from Crystal 1997)

4. CLASSIFYING GRAMMAR

5. CLASSIFYING MORPHOLOGY

6. THE OVERALL PICTURE

7. Morphemes minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function Distinction between free morphemes and bound morphemes

8. Free morphemes can stand by themselves as a single word e.g. grace Can be lexical (e.g. boy,elephant) or functional (e.g. and, but)

9. Bound morphemes Cannot stand alone but need to be “bound” to another morpheme, e.g. re-, -ful Prefixes and suffixes are bound morphemes Divided into derivational and inflectional

10. BASE FORMS boy, yes, elephant No CONSTITUENT PARTS also called ROOTS or STEMS

11. PREFIXES e.g. un-, de-, super- meaningful elements come BEFORE base form lexical role – allow for the construction of a large number of new words

12. SUFFIXES e.g. –ness, -ed, -er meaningful elements 2 types: DERIVATIONAL INFLECTIONAL

13. DEFINING SUFFIXES

14. INFLECTION OF PLURAL

15. INFLECTION OF VERBS

16. black bird vs. blackbird BLACK BIRD two words bird which is black meaning is predictable classified as a PHRASE (NP) BLACKBIRD one word a particular type of bird (merlo) meaning not predictable classified as a COMPOUND

17. IT’S, WE’LL etc. clitics bound words (cannot stand alone) cannot be stressed

18. POWER STATION two words station is the head power is the modifier classified as a compound

19. green house vs. greenhouse (like black bird vs. blackbird) GREEN HOUSE meaning is predictable classified as a PHRASE (NP) GREENHOUSE meaning not predictable classified as a COMPOUND

20. white house vs. White House white house casa bianca meaning is predictable classified as a PHRASE (NP) White House Casa Bianca meaning not predictable classified as a COMPOUND

21. Compounds can be single words or combinations of words e.g. blackbird e.g. power station

22. COMPOUNDS COMPOUND VERBS COMPOUND ADJECTIVES COMPOUND NOUNS

23. COMPOUND VERBS VERB-VERB stir-fry NOUN-VERB air-condition ADJECTIVE VERB dry-clean PREPOSITION VERB underestimate

24. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES NOUN-ADJECTIVE sky-high ADJECTIVE-ADJECTIVE red-hot PREPOSITION-ADJECTIVE hyper-active

25. COMPOUND NOUNS VERB-NOUN swearword NOUN-NOUN hairnet ADJECTIVE NOUN blackboard PREPOSITION-NOUN overcoat

26. CV, CN or CA ? earthquake sightsee goldfish scarecrow postman CN (noun-verb) CV (noun-verb) CN (noun/adj-noun) CN (verb-noun) CN (noun?-noun)

27. CV, CN, or CA? birdcage sunrise maneating haircut homesick CN (noun-noun) CN (noun-verb) CA (noun-verb) CN (noun-noun) CA (noun-adj)