1. Computer Aided Tomography Tomos: cut (Gr.) Extensively used to find 3D structure from surface measurements (X-ray, sound, seismic waves)

2. Principles of tomography

3. Seismic tomography Earthquake source & receivers 3D perturbation vs 1D Earth model (PREM) Difficulties: –Curved raypaths that depend on velocity –Poor distribution of earthquakes and receivers –Lack of high precision in earthquake source and time.

4. Mantle tomography E.g., Bijwaard, Spakman, Engdahl, 1999. Subducting Farallon slab

5. Montelli et al., Science, 303, 2004 Plume clusters or ‘superplumes’

6. Montelli et al., Science, 303, 2004

8. Subduction zones