1. DATA MANAGEMENT: SPATIAL COMPONENT

2. RASTER AND VECTOR FORMATS RASTER : Grid-based, Simplify reality VECTOR : Analog map, Cartography

3. DATA MODEL OF RASTER AND VECTOR REAL WORLD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 GRID RASTER VECTOR

4. RASTER DATA MODEL derive from formulation that real world has spatial elements and objects fills those elements real world is represented with uniform cells list of cells is a rectangle cell comprises of triangles, hexagon and higher complexities a cell reports its own true characteristics per units cell does not represent an object an object is represented by a group of cells

5. Pond Lake River Pond Lake River 110 11 111 111 2 2 22 2 2 11 000000000 0000000 00000000 00000000 0000000000 00000000000 Reality - Hydrography Reality overlaid with a grid Resulting raster Creating a Raster 0 = No Water Feature 1 = Water Body 2 = River

6. VECTOR DATA MODEL derived from the formulation of spatial concepts that emphasize on real world objects geometry primitives of vector data model are point, line and polygon –objects can be built from these primitives object location determined by represented location point uniqueness of vector data model lies in its management and storage of data geometry primitives –spaghetti model –topology model

7. VECTOR CHARACTERICTIS POINTX LINE POLYGON

8. RASTER TO VECTOR RIVER CHANGED FROM RASTER TO VECTOR FORMAT RIVER THAT HAS BEEN VECTORISED ORIGINAL RIVER

9. PRO AND CONS OF RASTER MODEL pro –raster data is more affordable –simple data structure –very efficient overlay operation cons –topology relationship difficult to implement –raster data requires large storage –not all world fenomena related directly with raster representation –raster data mainly is obtained from satellite images and scanning

10. PRO AND CONS OF VECTOR MODEL pro –more efficient data storage –topological encoding more efferent –suitable for most usage and compatible with data –good graphic presentation cons –overlay operation not efficient –complex data structure