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The importance of clouds. The Global Climate System

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Presentation on theme: "The importance of clouds. The Global Climate System"— Presentation transcript:

1 The importance of clouds

2 http://www.dkrz.de/dkrz/broschuere-eng/research/climatesystem.html The Global Climate System http://www.lwr.kth.se/Grundutbildning/1B1292/Compendium_online/ch05s01s02.html

3 Radiation in the climate system Kiehl and Trenberth, BAMS, 1997

4

5

6 Net cloud radiative effect from ERBE -90 -70 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

7 Combined satellite rainfall measurements Reflects locations of major precipitating cloud systems spatiotemporal variability Latent Heating

8 http://www.dkrz.de/dkrz/broschuere-eng/research/water.html The Global Hydrological Cycle

9 From global to local – range of scales 1000 km 100 km 10 km 1 km

10 Impact of cloud type upon radiation

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13 Distribution of cloud types Tropical East Pacific Anvils Mid-level High Low Deep convection Stratocumulus

14 Radiative effect of cloud types Mid-level High Low

15 Factors influencing cloud types

16 ERBE net cloud forcing SST anomaly from zonal mean

17 ISCCP inferred St/Sc amount

18 Tropical- subtropical general circulation from Randall et al., J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 125-130, 1980 cold SST warm SST

19 Seasonal cycle of precipitation Jan 2004 Jul 2004

20 Interannual variability of precipitation Jan 1998 Jan 1999 El Niño La Niña

21 Global frequency and distribution of lightning as observed from space Christian et al., J. Geophys. Res., 2003.

22 Tight couplings between SST, winds, and clouds

23 Clouds and precipitation associated with midlatitude cyclones warm conveyor

24 Orographic precipitation enhancement

25 Clouds and climate change

26 Clouds in climate models - change in low cloud amount for 2  CO 2 from Stephens (2005) GFDL CCM model number

27

28 IPCC, 2007

29 Pacific Northwest Projected River Flow

30 Cloud effects on atmospheric chemistry Acidity of rain Gas-particle conversion Biogeochemical feedbacks to tropical cloud pattern

31 Hobbs 2000

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34 Modeling clouds and precipitation Forecasting of precipitation Climate impacts

35 From the sublime…. 10x10x5 m resolution 20x20x3 km domain Stevens et al. (2002)

36 ….to the ridiculous, but necessary 3x3 o resolution global domain climateprediction.net

37

38 Hobbs 2000 O 3 photolyzed OH

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