1. Introduction to Integrated Design of Low-Energy Buildings Professor Svend Svendsen Department of Civil Engineering Technical University of Denmark ss@byg.dtu.dkss@byg.dtu.dk, www.byg.dtu.dkwww.byg.dtu.dk

2. Integrated Design of Buildings Content What is that? Why and why now? Benefits How

3. Integrated Design of Buildings What is that? Objects: –Building: Envelope and Technical building systems Performances: –Building services (indoor environment) and energy use Economy: –Earnings over the life cycle of the building Optimization: –Maximization of life cycle earnings

4. Integrated Design of Buildings Objects Building geometry, envelope and structures: –Shape and orientation of building –Walls, base floor, roof –Windows, curtain walls –Solar shading and daylight control devices –Interior walls, decks, structures

5. Integrated Design of Buildings Objects Technical Building Systems (HVAC) –Ventilation system –Heating system –Cooling system –Lighting system –Domestic hot water system –...

6. Integrated Design of Buildings Performances Building Services –Indoor environment: Thermal comfort Atmospheric comfort Visual comfort (dayligth, view) Acoustic –Transport: Horizontal, Vertical (lifts) –Etc.:

7. Integrated Design of Buildings Performances Energy use: –Ventilation (fans, controls) –Heating (of rooms) –Cooling –Lighting –Domestic hot water –Equipment (optional in EPBD*-standards) –(* EPBD: Energy Performance of Buildings Directive )

8. Integrated Design of Buildings Economy Earnings over life cycle of building: –All income: Payment for space in building Payment for building services –All expenses: Initial cost / Capital cost Operating cost (energy, cleaning, maintenance)

9. Integrated Design of Buildings Optimization Maximization of life cycle earnings: –Main uncertainties: Future cost of energy Payment for space and building services –Solutions: Scenarie analysis, Risk analysis

10. Integrated Design of Buildings Why and why now? Because the society needs: –sustainable development: low-energy buildings –improved indoor environment –improved productivity in the building industry Because total energy is introduced now in: –the EU-directive on energy performance of buildings –national building codes

11. Integrated Design of Buildings EPBD: EU-directive on Energy Performance of Buildings Energy performance based on total energy delivered to the building – except equipment Total energy requirements in natl. building codes EPBD implemented 2006 Energy requirements revised every 5 year Energy requirements as strong as possible – only limited by the technology and the economy

12. Integrated Design of Buildings Total energy - Effect on design The energy performance is influenced by: Building geometry Building (Window) orientation Thermal & optical data of building parts Type and data of technical building systems: –Ventilation, heating, cooling, dhw-system Use and operation of building

13. Integrated Design of Buildings Total energy - Effect on design Optimization of design of building: Energy performance as required Indoor environment as required Total economy optimized

14. Integrated Design of Buildings Benefits Integrated design proces benefits: Easier to fulfill requirements to indoor environment and energy use Better possibilities for optimization of total economy of building A possibility for the building sector to improve performance and productivity

15. Integrated Design of Buildings How Listing of the functional requirements of buildings Preparation of space of solutions Generating design proposals Optimization analyses and decision pro- cesses.

16. Integrated Design of Buildings How – Focus areas Aims of the Integrated Design Process: Stimulate cooperation: –The engineer have to perform parameter analysis and set up a wide space of possible solutions as input to the architectural design Make the process efficient –Avoid iterations outside the solution space.