1. Answering Clinical Questions at the Point of Care 鄭如雅 Crystal Cheng ccheng@uptodate.com Tel : +886-4-22233493 Mobile : +886-923575668

2. Outline  About UpToDate  Evidence Grading  How to Search  Q&A 2

3. UpToDate  UpToDate is a Clinical decision support system that helps clinicians throughout the world provide the best patient care  We use the best available current evidence to answer clinical questions, quickly and easily at the point of care  This saves clinicians time, improves patient outcomes and lowers health care costs 3

4. Evidence is derived from a number of sources……………… including but not limited  Journals: 440+ peer reviewed journals  Databases:  MEDLINE, The Cochrane Database, Clinical Evidence and ACP Journal Club  Guidelines  Clinical trials  FDA, CDC, NIH  Proceedings  Clinical experiences and observations 4

5. Quick Facts about UpToDate  Topic reviews  Patient Information  Drug Information 5 Written by Physicians for Physicians

6. Quick Facts about UpToDate  5,000+ world-renowned physician authors (international)  9,000+ clinical topic in 17 specialties  5,000+ unique drug entries in adult, pediatrics, international and natural drugs (Lexi-Comp)  23,000+ graphics  320,000+ references (Medline)  Updated every 4 months (March, July, November) 6

7. Specialties  Adult and Pediatric Emergency Medicine {November 2009}  Adult Primary Care & Internal Medicine  Allergy and Immunology {March 2010}  Cardiovascular Medicine  Endocrinology & Diabetes  Family Medicine  Gastroenterology & Hepatology  Hematology  Hospital Medicine {November 2010}  Infectious Diseases  Nephrology & Hypertension  Neurology {March 2009}  Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women’s Health  Oncology  Pediatrics  Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine  Rheumatology 7

8. Specialties in Development  Dermatology  Psychiatry  Surgery 8

9. Evidence Grading  In 2001, we began a collaboration with Gordon Guyatt, a world leader in EBM, and his colleagues in the international GRADE collaborative to implement a grading system for recommendations  UpToDate grades specific treatment and screening recommendations 9

10. Evidence Grading 10 RECOMMENDATION GRADES Grade 1 Strong Recommendation Benefits clearly outweigh the risks and burdens (or vice versa) for most, if not all, patients “We recommend…” Grade 2 Weaker Recommendation Benefits and risks closely balanced and/or uncertain “We suggest…” EVIDENCE GRADES Grade AHigh Quality Evidence Consistent evidence from randomized trials, or overwhelming evidence of some other form Grade BModerate Quality Evidence Evidence from randomized trials with important limitations, or very strong evidence of some other form Grade CLow Quality Evidence Evidence from observational studies, unsystematic clinical observations, or from randomized trials with serious flaws

11. How to Search  New Search  Search  display results  topic review  output  Others  Evidence grading  RECOMMENDATIONS  125 Calculators  Drug Interactions  ECG test  Movies 11

12. How to use UpToDate based on a Clinical scenario  A 50 year old woman is obese (BMI=32) and has hypertension. She has not achieved weight loss despite counseling for diet and lifestyle changes. What is the best medication for pharmacologic management of her obesity.  Keyword:  Obesity drug 12

13. How to use UpToDate based on a Clinical scenario A 65 year old man comes to see you with moderately symptomatic heart failure. He has a remote history of a large anterior wall MI and an echocardiogram shows an ejection fraction of 30%. His LDL cholesterol is 150 mg/dL, currently untreated. Should he be started on a statin ? Keyword : – Statins in HF

14. How to use UpToDate based on a Clinical scenario Will grapefruit juice interact with Cisapride ?

15. How to use UpToDate based on a Clinical scenario How effective is long-term warfarin at preventing recurrent pulmonary embolism?

16. Q&A 16