1. Chapter 6 Systems Development: Phases, Tools, and Techniques
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES
Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the 7 major phases within it.
Compare and contrast the various component-based development methodologies.
Describe the selfsourcing process as an alternative to the traditional SDLC.
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3. STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES
Discuss the importance of prototyping and prototyping within any systems development methodology
Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
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4. SAVING LIVES THROUGH SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) tracks a wealth of information
Antimicrobial-resistant infections in hospitals
Influenza outbreaks
Terrorist biochemical attacks
Bacteria counts in rivers and stagnant ponds, etc
Unfortunately, most of that information is stored in separate IT systems that do not communicate with each other
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5. SAVING LIVES THROUGH SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
The CDC is using a service-oriented architecture (SoA) to integrate all those systems and information
An SoA treats every component of an IT system – a database file, a server, a CRM software solution, etc – as a building block
Within an SoA, those building blocks can be “plugged and played” so that everything works together in an integrated fashion
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6. SAVING LIVES THROUGH SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
All computers use a common binary base language. That being true, why is it so difficult to get computer systems to easily communicate with each other?
In systems development, prototyping is used to build a model of a proposed system. How have you used prototyping in your life?
Outsourcing – going to another company for systems development – is big business. Why would the CDC not want to pursue outsourcing?
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7. INTRODUCTION
Information systems are the support structure for meeting the company’s strategies and goals
New systems are created because employees request them
New systems are created to obtain a competitive advantage
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8. INTRODUCTION When developing a new system, you have 3 “who” choices…
Insourcing
Selfsourcing
Outsourcing
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9. CHAPTER ORGANIZATION Insourcing and the SDLC
Learning outcome #1
Component-Based Development
Learning outcome #2
Selfsourcing
Learning outcome #3
Prototyping
Learning outcome #4
Outsourcing
Learning outcome #5
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10. INSOURCING AND THE SDLC
Systems development life cycle (SDLC)
7 distinct phases, each with well-defined activities
Also called a waterfall methodology
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11. SDLC Phases & Major Activities
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12. SDLC as a Waterfall Methodology
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13. Phase 1: Planning Planning phase Three primary planning activities:
Define the system to be developed
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14. Phase 1: Planning Set the project scope Project scope Scope creep
Feature creep
Project scope document
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15. Phase 1: Planning
Develop the project plan including tasks, resources, and timeframes
Project plan
Project manager
Project milestones
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16. Phase 1: Planning
Sample Project Plan
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17. Phase 2: Analysis
Analysis phase
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18. Phase 2: Analysis Two primary analysis activities:
Gather the business requirements
Business requirements
Business requirements address the “why” and “what” of your development activities
Joint application development (JAD)
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19. Phase 2: Analysis Prioritize the requirements
Requirements definition document
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20. Phase 2: Analysis
Take time during analysis to get the business requirements correct. If you find errors, fix them immediately. The cost to fix an error in the early stages of the SDLC is relatively small. In later stages, the cost is huge.
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21. Phase 3: Design Design phase Two primary design activities:
Design the technical architecture
Technical architecture
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22. Phase 3: Design
Design system models
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23. Phase 4: Development Development phase
Two primary development activities:
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24. Phase 5: Testing Testing phase Two primary testing activities:
Write the test conditions
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25. Phase 5: Testing
Perform the testing of the system
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26. Phase 6: Implementation
Implementation phase
Two primary implementation activities
Write detailed user documentation
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27. Phase 6: Implementation
Provide training for the system user
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28. Phase 6: Implementation
Choose the right implementation method
Parallel implementation
Plunge implementation
Pilot implementation
Phased implementation
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29. Phase 7: Maintenance Maintenance phase
Two primary maintenance activities:
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30. COMPONENT-BASED DEVELOPMENT
The SDLC focuses only on the project at hand
Component-based development (CBD)
CBD focuses on
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31. Component-Based Development Methodologies
Rapid application development (RAD)
Extreme programming (XP)
Agile methodology
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32. Rapid Application Development (RAD)
Rapid application development (RAD) (also called rapid prototyping) - emphasizes extensive user involvement in the rapid and evolutionary construction of working prototypes of a system to accelerate the systems development process
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33. Rapid Application Development (RAD)
Use already-existing software components
Build new software components
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34. Extreme Programming (XP)
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35. Agile Methodology
Agile methodology
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36. SoA – An Architecture Perspective
Service-oriented architecture (SoA)
More in Chapter 7
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37. SELFSOURCING
Selfsourcing (end-user development)
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38. Selfsourcing Approach
Is similar to traditional SDLC
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39. Selfsourcing Approach
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40. Selfsourcing Advantages
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41. Selfsourcing Disadvantages
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42. The Right Tool for the Job
End users must have development tools that:
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43. PROTOTYPING
Prototype
Prototyping
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44. The Prototyping Process
The prototyping process involves four steps:
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45. The Prototyping Process
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46. Advantages of Prototyping
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47. Disadvantages of Prototyping
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48. OUTSOURCING
Outsourcing
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49. OUTSOURCING
The main reasons behind the rapid growth of the outsourcing industry include the following:
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50. Outsourcing Options
IT outsourcing for software development can take one of four forms:
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51. Outsourcing Options
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52. Outsourcing Process
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53. Outsourcing Process
When outsourcing, you’ll develop two vitally important documents – a request for proposal and a service level agreement
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54. Outsourcing – RFP
Request for proposal (RFP)
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55. Outsourcing – SLA
Service level agreement (SLA)
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56. Outsourcing Options There are three different forms of outsourcing:
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57. Offshore Outsourcing Primary outsourcing countries are: India China
Eastern Europe (including Russia)
Ireland
Israel
Philippines
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58. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing
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59. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing
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