1. Peter Tant, Pascal Dupuis, Bruno Bolsens, Jeroen Van den Keybus Johan Driesen, Ronnie Belmans COST 529 Meeting, Eindhoven A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps K.U.Leuven – ESAT/ELECTA Department of Electrical Engineering COST Meeting Eindhoven

2. A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps OVERVIEW POWER SOURCE TESLA PULSE TESLA CONT. QUESTIONS ► Overview A flexible power source, based on a general purpose, rapid-prototyping inverter unit A Tesla-transformer as a high-voltage test platform for cold or hot ignition of HID lamps Main components of the HID lamp test bench: 1 2 2/21 Current or voltage control Waveforms: sine, triangle, square, noise,…   Burst pulses Continuous sine wave output voltage   COST Meeting Eindhoven

3. A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps OVERVIEW POWER SOURCE TESLA PULSE TESLA CONT. QUESTIONS ► Power source 3/21 COST Meeting Eindhoven

4. A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps OVERVIEW POWER SOURCE TESLA PULSE TESLA CONT. QUESTIONS ► Power source Rapid-prototyping inverter unit contains 4 independent half-bridge modules  4/21 COST Meeting Eindhoven

5. A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps OVERVIEW POWER SOURCE TESLA PULSE TESLA CONT. QUESTIONS ► Power source Rapid-prototyping inverter unit contains 4 independent half-bridge modules  Power MOSFET devices: 400V / 16A  5/21 COST Meeting Eindhoven

6. A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps OVERVIEW POWER SOURCE TESLA PULSE TESLA CONT. QUESTIONS ► Power source Rapid-prototyping inverter unit contains 4 independent half-bridge modules  Power MOSFET devices: 400V / 16A  Controlled by Altera FPGA and TI DSP  6/21 COST Meeting Eindhoven

7. A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps OVERVIEW POWER SOURCE TESLA PULSE TESLA CONT. QUESTIONS ► Power source Rapid-prototyping inverter unit contains 4 independent half-bridge modules  Power MOSFET devices: 400V / 16A  Controlled by Altera FPGA and TI DSP  DSP communicates with host computer (Matlab Simulink real time model) Parameters can be changed in real time  7/21 COST Meeting Eindhoven

8. A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps OVERVIEW POWER SOURCE TESLA PULSE TESLA CONT. 8/21 QUESTIONS ► Power source ► Experimental setup HID lamp connected through series inductor Lr FPGA Rsh Current control Lr INVERTER PLATFORM HID - Independent control of half-bridge MOSFETs - Current measurement (500 ksamples/s ADC) in each channel - DC link voltage measurement Bidirectional communication Hysteretic current control COST Meeting Eindhoven

9. A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps OVERVIEW POWER SOURCE TESLA PULSE TESLA CONT. 9/21 QUESTIONS ► Power source ► Experimental setup DSP  Current reference, power control FPGADSP Rsh Current controlPower control PC: Matlab Simulink model Real Time Workshop Lr INVERTER PLATFORM HID COST Meeting Eindhoven

10. A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps OVERVIEW POWER SOURCE TESLA PULSE TESLA CONT. 10/21 QUESTIONS ► Power source ► Experimental setup Isolated current and voltage measurement FPGADSP Rsh Current controlPower control PC: Matlab Simulink model Real Time Workshop Lr INVERTER PLATFORM HID I and V Measurement Feedback of lamp parameters to FPGA / DSP Visualization of lamp parameters on host PC 1 2 COST Meeting Eindhoven

11. A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps OVERVIEW POWER SOURCE TESLA PULSE TESLA CONT. 11/21 QUESTIONS ► Power source ► Experimental setup COST Meeting Eindhoven

12. A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps OVERVIEW POWER SOURCE TESLA PULSE TESLA CONT. 12/21 QUESTIONS ► Power source ► Experimental waveforms Sinusoidal output current and output voltage COST Meeting Eindhoven

13. A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps OVERVIEW POWER SOURCE TESLA PULSE TESLA CONT. 13/21 QUESTIONS ► Tesla transformer (pulsed mode) COST Meeting Eindhoven

14. A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps OVERVIEW POWER SOURCE TESLA PULSE TESLA CONT. 14/21 QUESTIONS ► Tesla transformer (pulsed mode) ► Spark gap Tesla transformer 22 w primary C1 L1L2 C2 R1 S VDC Vout 1070 w secondary Two coupled LC resonating circuits: L 1 C 1 – L 2 C 2   C 1 initially charged through R 1  S (spark gap,…) closed  2x resonance  Air core  no saturation COST Meeting Eindhoven

15. A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps OVERVIEW POWER SOURCE TESLA PULSE TESLA CONT. 15/21 QUESTIONS ► Tesla transformer (pulsed mode) ► Spark gap R1 VDC Vout Time 400us 0 10 kV 20 kV 0 kV -10 kV -20 kV C1 L1L2 C2 S Non-sinusoidal waveform 2 x resonance Burst pulse of a few ms COST Meeting Eindhoven

16. A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps OVERVIEW POWER SOURCE TESLA PULSE TESLA CONT. 16/21 QUESTIONS ► Tesla transformer (pulsed mode) ► Thyristor Thyristor Spark gap C1 L1L2 C2 R1 T VDC Vout Ignition controllable   Thyristor turn-off after first zero-crossing of current  Only resonance in L 2 C 2  Vout sinusoidal COST Meeting Eindhoven

17. A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps OVERVIEW POWER SOURCE TESLA PULSE TESLA CONT. 17/21 QUESTIONS ► Tesla transformer (pulsed mode) ► Thyristor C1 L1L2 C2 R1 T VDC Vout Time 400us 0 10 kV 20 kV 0 kV -10 kV -20 kV - Frequency: - Pulse duration: - Repetition rate: 50-100 kHz ms range depends on R 1 - Amplitude: 0-19 kV COST Meeting Eindhoven

18. A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps OVERVIEW POWER SOURCE TESLA PULSE TESLA CONT. 18/21 QUESTIONS ► Tesla transformer (continuous mode) COST Meeting Eindhoven

19. A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps OVERVIEW POWER SOURCE TESLA PULSE TESLA CONT. 19/21 QUESTIONS ► Tesla transformer (continuous mode) Gate driver Pulse generator DC bus voltage L1L1 L2L2 C2C2 Single resonance circuit L 2 C 2 Circuit driven at resonance frequency   Vout Asymmetrical full-bridge driver  avoid shoot-through  Amplitude: 0-15kV Frequency: kHz range  COST Meeting Eindhoven

20. A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps OVERVIEW POWER SOURCE TESLA PULSE TESLA CONT. 20/21 QUESTIONS ► Tesla transformer (continuous mode) Gate driver Pulse generator DC bus voltage L1L1 L2L2 C2C2 Single resonance circuit L 2 C 2 Circuit driven at resonance frequency   Vout Asymmetrical H-bridge driver  avoid shoot-through  I and V measurement Amplitude: 0-15kV Frequency: kHz range  COST Meeting Eindhoven

21. A Versatile Test Bench for HID Lamps OVERVIEW POWER SOURCE TESLA PULSE TESLA CONT. 21/21 QUESTIONS ► Questions COST Meeting Eindhoven Thank you for your attention