1. Fluid properties – Day 2

2. Quick review from last time Fluid properties (qualitative) Quantitative response to pressure (stress) –A few extra comments Quantitative response to shear (stress) –A few extra comments

3. Summary from last time

4. Response of fluids to pressure stress

5. Response of fluid to shear stress

6. Surface Tension Beading, formation of liquid drops, and suspension of objects heavier than the liquid Images from wikipedia.org

7. Surface tension – a liquid property The surface tension depends on the materials at the interface –Surface tension depends on fluid and gas; force, F = σL –The contact force between the droplet and a (wetted) solid surface depends on how “fluid-phobic” the surface is (to that particular fluid) Mercury Water example

8. Surface tension for liquid/fluid interface When two surfaces contact, they meet at a line – the length of that line is key for surface tension Parallel to the solid surface is

10. Note dependence on R Recall  g is  specific weight

11. Why 2

12. Vapor Pressure Analogy: boiling temperature –Boiling temperature = temperature at which a liquid boils –Below maintains a liquid –Dependent on pressure Vapor pressure –Vapor pressure = pressure at which a liquid vaporizes –Above, maintains a liquid –Dependent on temperature (Need gas/liquid interface)

13. Boiling will occur In Denver the atmospheric pressure is only 95% (see page 40) On Everest only 75%--the boiling points are reduced accordingly