1. TCP connection my Computertelnet client web server remote computer 1 character per transmission * Telnet uses TCP connection * but Nagle's algorithm modifies this.

2. client server Transmits Character and waits for Ack Sends Ack char "G" TCP envelop 20 bytes overhead char "G" IP envelop 20 bytes overhead TCP envelop 20 bytes overhead char "G" Total: 81 bytes Echo "G" back from server: 81 bytes

3. What is the "overhead" ? The data has to be shipped with information that helps it get to its destination. The TCP packet has meta-data about: Port number for data Packet has M bytes of data - Length This is the Nth byte sent so far - Sequencing Error correction information etc The IP packet has meta-data about: Source or sender IP address Destination or receiver IP address Time-to-Live Error correction information etc

4. TCP connection my Computer telnet client web server remote computer 41 characters per transmission 40 characters Acknowledgment

5. Why Backspacing in Telnet connection Fails Type: G E T / i n d e x Z Z Z BS. h t m L H T T P / 1. 0 Received by server is: GET /indexZZZ%80%80%80.html HTTP/1.0 characters sent as entered ASCII for backspace In telnet window, looks like: GET /index.html HTTP/1.0