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History of Computers
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Who invented the computer? This question without a simple answer. The real answer is that many inventors contributed to the history of computers and that a computer is a complex piece of machinery made up of many parts, each of which can be considered a separate invention.
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History of Computers 1930-90 1936 Konrad Zuse - Z1 Computer First freely programmable computer. 1936
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1942 John Atanasoff & Clifford Berry ABC Computer. Who was first in the computing biz is not always as easy as ABC. 1942
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19441944 Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper Harvard Mark I Computer The Harvard Mark 1 computer.
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1946 John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly ENIAC 1 Computer 20,000 vacuum tubes later... 1946 1948 Frederic Williams & Tom Kilburn Manchester Baby Computer & The Williams Tube Baby and the Williams Tube turn on the memories. 1948 1947/48 John Bardeen, Walter Brattain & Wiliam Shockley The Transistor No, a transistor is not a computer, but this invention greatly affected the history of computers. 1947/48
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1951 John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly UNIVAC Computer First commercial computer & able to pick presidential winners. 1951 1953 International Business Machines IBM 701 EDPM Computer IBM enters into 'The History of Computers'. 1953 1954 John Backus & IBM FORTRAN Computer Programming Language The first successful high level programming language.1955 19541955
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(In Use 1959) Stanford Research Institute, Bank of America, and General Electric ERMA and MICR The first bank industry computer - also MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) for reading checks. (In Use 1959) 1958 Jack Kilby & Robert Noyce The Integrated Circuit Otherwise known as 'The Chip‘ 1958 1962 Steve Russell & MIT Spacewar Computer Game The first computer game invented. 1962 1964 Douglas Engelbart Computer Mouse & Windows Nicknamed the mouse because the tail came out the end. 1964
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1969 ARPAnet The original Internet. 1969 1970 Intel 1103 Computer Memory The world's first available dynamic RAM chip. 1970 1971 Faggin, Hoff & Mazor Intel 4004 Computer Microprocessor The first microprocessor. 1971 1971 Alan Shugart &IBM The "Floppy" Disk Nicknamed the "Floppy" for its flexibility. 1971 1973 Robert Metcalfe & Xerox 1973
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1974/75 The Ethernet Computer Networking 1974/75 1976/77 Scelbi & Mark-8 Altair & IBM 5100 Computers The first consumer computers. 1976/77 1978 Apple I, II & TRS-80 & Commodore Pet Computers More first consumer computers. 1978 1979 Dan Bricklin & Bob Frankston VisiCalc Spreadsheet Software Any product that pays for itself in two weeks is a surefire winner. 1979
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1981 Seymour Rubenstein & Rob Barnaby WordStar Software Word Processors. 1981 1981 IBM The IBM PC - Home Computer From an "Acorn" grows a personal computer revolution 1981 1983 Microsoft MS-DOS Computer Operating System From "Quick And Dirty" comes the operating system of the century. 1983
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1984 Apple Lisa Computer The first home computer with a GUI, 1984 graphical user interface. 1985 Apple Macintosh Computer The more affordable home computer with a GUI. 1985 1985 Microsoft Windows Microsoft begins the friendly war with Apple.
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1986 Compaq - first 80386-based microcomputer. 5000 hosts on the APRAnet/Internet. 1987 IBM and Microsoft announced PS/2 and OS/2. 10,000 hosts on the Internet. 1988 IBM AS/400 mid-range processor.
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1988 Oracle, Ingres - Unix-based DBMSs/4GLs. 1989 Telecom ISDN. 100,000 hosts on the Internet. 1989 DEC VAX 9000 - first mainframe VAX. 1990 IBM 3480 robot-based tape cartridge storage and retrieval system. 1990 AARNet.
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1990 IBM 3390 DASD = fastest biggest mainframe disk storage device. 20 GB, seek time 12.5 ms average, rotational delay 7.1 ms average. Data transfer 4.3 MB/s. 1990 ARPAnet is finally deinstalled after 20 years. Tim Berners-Lee creates the World Wide Web at CERN in Switzerland. 1992 1,000,000 hosts on the Internet.
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1993 Mosaic browser developed. The Web grows by 341,000 percent in a year. 1994 Netscape Communications founded. Java's first public demonstration. 1995 Microsoft's Windows 95 is launched. 1995 Architext changes its name to Excite.
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IBM in 1924
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IBM building Now
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