1. 13 - Viruses (for more details on pathogens see Ch 24 & 25)

2. Some Virus Resources on the Web:
International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses
Viral origins:

3. A virion
capsomere

4. Relative size

5. Light & Fluorescent Microscopy
Signs & Symptoms
TEM
DNA eg: PCR
Serology

6. Nucleic Acid: DNA or RNA? If RNA, which kind?
Retroviridae only
From: Clinical Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple

7. Capsid morphology
capsomere
helical
polyhedral

8. Capsid morphology
complex, eg: T4 bacteriophage

9. Enveloped viruses

10. Phage plaques on bacterial lawn
Phage culture
Phage plaques on bacterial lawn
(regular spacing is due to type of test & careful placement of samples)

11. Lytic Bacteriophage (like T4)

12. Lysogenic Bacteriophage (such as lambda)

13. Animal viruses:
entry
Other differences
envelope?
carry
euk. Compartments
effects

14. From: Clinical Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple

15. Parvoviridae Erythrovirus B19
adenovirus
Erythrovirus B19
Fifth disease = erythema infectiosum = slapped-cheek disease
(also: Parvovirus)

16. Mastadenovirus

17. Papillomaviridae Polyomaviridae Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) genital
Polyomavirus
JC = JCPyV -> causes
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
plantar
(formerly together in Papovaviridae)

18. Poxviridae Orthopoxvirus variola virus (VARV) vaccinia virus (VACV)
E. Jenner
Poxviridae
envelope
Orthopoxvirus
variola virus (VARV)
vaccinia virus (VACV)
cowpox virus (CPXV)
camelpox virus (CMLV

19. Herpesviridae
HHV2 = HSV2
Simplexvirus
HHV1 = HSV1

20. Varicellavirus = HHV3 = VZV
chickenpox
shingles

21. Lymphocryptovirus (HHV4) = Epstein-Barr virus
Cytomegalovirus (HHV5 = CMV)
“mono”
Normal retina
with CMV

22. Roseolavirus = HHV6 & 7?
roseola

23. Hepadnaviridae
Orthohepadnavirus
Hepatitis B

24. *ASTRO

25. Caliciviridae
Norwalk virus = Norovirus
Astroviridae:
Astrovirus

26. Picornaviridae Enterovirus Human poliovirus -> polio
“iron lungs” when respiratory muscles paralyzed

27. Rhinovirus
Hepatovirus

28. Togaviridae
Rubivirus
rubella = German measles
Alphavirus:
Western equine encephalitis (WEE)
EEE
Venezuelan EE (VEE)

29. Flaviviridae Flavivirus spp. Yellow Fever Dengue (Bone-break) Fever
Japanese, St. Louis, Russian & West Nile encephalitis

30. Hepacivirus
Hepatitis C

31. Coronaviridae Human coronavirus (HcoV) SARS coronavirus
-> Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome April 2003

32. Rhabdoviridae
G: Lyssavirus
-> rabies

33. Filoviridae Reston Ebola virus (REBOV) Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV)
Marburg virus (MARV)

34. Rubulavirus -> mumps
Paramyxoviridae
Paroxyovirus
Rubulavirus -> mumps
Morbillivirus -> measles = rubeola
Pneumovirus
Human respiratory synctial virus (HRSV)

35. Orthomyxoviridae: Influenzavirus
neuramidase
hemagglutinin

36. Bunyaviridae Bunyavirus Hantavirus
Hantaan virus (HTNV) -> Korean hemorrhagic fever = hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)
Sin Nombre virus (SNV; originally Muerto Canyon virus) -> hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)

37. Arenaviridae
Arenavirus
Lassa virus

38. Retroviridae
Lentivirus eg: HIV
Deltaretrovirus eg: HTLV-1, -2

39. Reoviridae Rotavirus Rotavirus A or B Coltivirus
Colorado tick fever virus
Orbivirus

40. Viroids
Potato spindle tuber

41. normal (PrP) protein prion
Prions
cause transmissable spongiform encephalopathies
normal (PrP) protein prion
Examples of
animal prion diseases: scrapie, BSE (mad cow), chronic wasting
human prion diseases: Creutzfeldt-Jakob, kuru, (n)vCJD

42. Always surprises: giant viruses (2003) Relative sizes
Fungal
Small bacterium ~400 micrometers/ microns in dia.
then: Sputnik viruses of Mimivirus (2008), stay tuned
(each black spot is ~15 usual virus particles, so Mimivirus is about the size of 2-3 of those black spots together)