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Week 3: Hematopoiesis Erythrocyte Leukocyte Platelet Plasma and serum Stem cell theory Hemoglobin Hematocrit Anticoagulant EDTA
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Blood Circulate O 2, nutrients, heat, etc. Erythrocyte Leukocyte Platelet (thrombocyte) Plasma and serum
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Inside of a blood vessel SEM x 2,500
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Anticoagulant Chelate Ca ++ ions EDTA Citrate Inhibit clotting enzyme Heparin Inhibit glycolysis Fluoride
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Erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes SEM x1,825
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Stem Cell Theory Pleuripotential stem cell Blast cells Differentiation and maturation Release into circulation
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Recycling Old Cells RBCs have 120-day life span Reticulo-endothelial system removes old and damaged cells Hemoglobin is made of Fe ++, porphyrin ring, and globin chains Fe ++ and globin chains (amino acids) are recycled, but porphyrin ring is eliminated
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Red Cell Production Oxygen tension Level of erythropoietin EPO Need for more red cells (during growth, recovering from anemia)
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Hemoglobin Normal adult Hb A 2 globin chains 2 globin chains Heme: porphyrin plus Fe ++ Minor Hb’s 2 2: Hb A 2 2 2: Hb F
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Kinds of Hemoglobin Oxyhemoglobin: O 2 Reduced (deoxy-) hemoglobin: no O 2 Methemoglobin: oxidized Carboxyhemoglobin: 218 times affinity to CO than O 2 Sulfhemoglobin: sulfa drugs
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Hb Problems Heme production problem: porphyria Fe ++ problems: IDA, hemochromatosis Globin problem: sickle cell disease, thalassemia
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Hb Test Reference ranges: Male14.0 - 17.0 g% Female12.0 - 15.0 g% Cyanomethemoglobin method Drabkin’s reagent - ferricyanide Coulter Hemoglobinometer
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Hematocrit Reference ranges Male42 - 52% Female36 - 46% Packed cell volume Modern instruments calculate Hct from RBC and average cell size
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Correlation Internal QC Hb x 3 ≈ Hct ± 3
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