1. An Overview to Biometrics Giang Ngo Justin Simone Huguens St. Fort

2. Uses of Biometrics in “Real Life” http://www.techcloseup.com/ -- December 2005

3. For Discussion Later Would you enroll in such a program at your supermarket? Would you enroll in such a program at your supermarket? Is “Big Brother” watching a little too closely? Is “Big Brother” watching a little too closely? Does anyone use biometric security at work? Does anyone use biometric security at work? What do you see as the future of biometrics? What do you see as the future of biometrics?

4. Recap: What is Biometrics? “Biometric identification, or biometrics, refers to identifying an individual based on his or her distinguishing characteristicts. More precisely biometrics is the science of identifying, or verifying a person based on physiological or behavioral characteristics.” [Bolle, et. al, 1]

5. Why Biometrics? Reliable authorization and authentication becoming necessary for everyday activities. Reliable authorization and authentication becoming necessary for everyday activities. User should not be able to deny having carried out the transaction and should be inconvenienced as little as possible. User should not be able to deny having carried out the transaction and should be inconvenienced as little as possible. Identification cards may be lost, forged or misplaced; passwords forgotten or compromised Identification cards may be lost, forged or misplaced; passwords forgotten or compromised

6. Physiological and Behavioral Characteristics [Bolle, et. al, 3] Physiological biometrics:Finger prints, hand geometry Measured at some point in time. Behavioral biometrics:Signature, voice, keystroke The way some action is carried out and extended over time.

7. Personal Authentication Possessions Possessions Knowledge Knowledge Biometrics Biometrics

8. Verification vs. Authorization Verification is based on a unique identifier which singles out a particular person (e.g., an ID number) and that person’s biometrics, and thus is based on a combination of authentication modes. Identification, on the other hand, is based only on biometric measurements. It compares these measurements to the entire database of enrolled individuals instead of just a single record selected by some identifier. [Bolle, et. al, 5]

9. Verification vs. Authorization (cont.) Biometric identification can be viewed as “pure” biometric authentication and is much harder to design and implement because of the biometric database search capabilities that are needed. [Bolle, et. al, 5]

10. How to Make Biometrics Practical? (Originally from R. Clarke. Human Identification in information systems: Management challenges and public policy issues.) Universality Universality Uniqueness Uniqueness Permanence Permanence Collectability Collectability Acceptability Acceptability [Bolle, et. al, 6]

11. Slide 11 Common, and Not-So- Common Biometrics Phys.BehavioralPhys.BehavioralFaceSignatureDNAGait FingerprintVoice Ear shape Keystroke Hand geo. Odor Lip Motion IrisRetina Skin Reflectance Thermogram [Bolle, et. al, 7]

12. Enrollment and Authentication Subsystems [Bolle, et. al, 8]

13. Biometric Identification [Bolle, et. al, 11]

14. Biometric Verification [Bolle, et. al, 12]

15. Slide 15 The Keystroke Biometric

16. Slide 16 Table 2. Accuracy confusion matrix for 30-subject experiment: subjects identified by initials, first column = number of samples per subject, diagonal entries = percent correct, and off-diagonal entries = percent confused.

17. Slide 17 # MeasureFeature Measured # MeaureFeature Measured # MeasureFeature Measured 1-2mean - stddur all keystrokes 87-88mean - std tran top cons pairs st 173-74mean - std tran2 vowel/cons at 3-4mean - stddur all alphabet letters 89-90mean - std tran top cons pairs nd 175-76mean & std tran2 vowel/cons en 5-6mean & stddur vowels 91-92mean & stdtran vowel/cons 177-78mean & std tran2 vowel/cons or 7-8mean & std dur vowels A 93-94mean & std tran vowel/cons an 179-80mean & stdtran2 cons/vowel 9-10mean & std dur vowels E 95-96mean & std tran vowel/cons in 181-82mean & std tran2 cons/vowel he 11-12mean & std dur vowels I 97-98mean & std tran vowel/cons er 183-84mean & std tran2 cons/vowel re 13-14mean & std dur vowels O 99-100mean & std tran vowel/cons es 185-86mean & std tran2 cons/vowel ti 15-16mean & std dur vowels U 101-02mean & std tran vowel/cons on 187-88mean & stdtran2 vowel/vowel 17-18mean & stddur freq cons 103-04mean & std tran vowel/cons at 189-90mean & std tran2 vowel/vowel ea 19-20mean & std dur freq cons T 105-06mean & std tran vowel/cons en 191-92mean & std tran2 double letters oo, ll, tt, ss 21-22mean & std dur freq cons N 107-08mean & std tran vowel/cons or 193-94mean & stdtran2 left/left 23-24mean & std dur freq cons S 109-10mean & stdtran cons/vowel 195-96mean & stdtran2 left/right 25-26mean & std dur freq cons R 111-12mean & std tran cons/vowel he 197-98mean & stdtran2 right/left 27-28mean & std dur freq cons H 113-14mean & std tran cons/vowel re 199-200mean & stdtran right/right 29-30mean & stddur next freq cons 115-16mean & std tran cons/vowel ti 201-02mean & stdtran2 letter/non-letter 31-32mean & std dur next freq cons L 117-18mean & stdtran vowel/vowel 203-04mean & stdtran2 letter/space 33-34mean & std dur next freq cons D 119-20mean & std tran vowel/vowel ea 205-06mean & stdtran2 letter/punct 35-36mean & std dur next freq cons C 121-22mean & std tran double letters oo, ll, tt, ss 2070-8mean & stdtran2 non-letter/letter 37-38mean & std dur next freq cons P 123-24mean & stdtran left/left 209-10mean & stdtran2 shift/letter 39-40mean & std dur next freq cons F 125-26mean & stdtran left/right 211-12mean & stdtran2 space/letter 41-42mean & stddur least freq cons 127-28mean & stdtran right/left 213-14mean & stdtran2 non-letter/non-letter 43-44mean & std dur least freq cons M 129-30mean & stdtran right/right 215-16mean & stdtran2 space/shift 45-46mean & std dur least freq cons W 131-32mean & stdtran letter/non-letter 217-18mean & stdtran2 punct/space 47-48mean & std dur least freq cons Y 133-34mean & stdtran letter/space 219Pctshift 49-50mean & std dur least freq cons B 135-36mean & stdtran letter/punct 220Pctcaps lock 51-52mean & std dur least freq cons G 137-38mean & stdtran non-letter/letter 221Pctspace 53-54mean & std dur least freq cons Other 139-40mean & stdtran shift/letter 222Pctbackspace 55-56mean & stddur all left hand letters 141-42mean & stdtran space/letter 223Pctdelete 57-58mean & stddur all right hand letters 143-44mean & stdtran non-letter/non-letter 224Pctinsert 59-60mean & stddur non-letters 145-46mean & stdtran space/shift 225Pcthome 61-62mean & stddur space 147-48mean & stdtran punct/space 226Pctend 63-64mean & stddur shift 149-50mean & stdtran2 any-key/any-key 227Pctenter 65-66mean & stddur punctuation 151-52mean & stdtran2 letter/letter 228Pctctl 67-68mean & std dur punctuation.period 153-54mean & stdtran2 top cons pairs 229Pct four arrow keys combined 69-70mean & std dur punctuation,comma 155-56mean & std tran2 top cons pairs th 230Pct Sent ending punct.?! 71-72mean & std dur punctuation 'apost 157-58mean & std tran2 top cons pairs st 231Pct Other punct (),:;'"/- 73-74mean & std dur punctuation other 159-60mean & std tran2 top cons pairs nd 232Pctleft shift 75-76mean & stddur numbers 161-62mean & stdtran2 vowel/cons 233Pctright shift 77-78mean & std dur other (@,#,$,%) 163-64mean & std tran2 vowel/cons an 234Pctleft mouse click 79-80mean & stdtran any-key/any-key 165-66mean & std tran2 vowel/cons in 235Pctright mouse click 81-82mean & stdtran letter/letter 167-68mean & std tran2 vowel/cons er 236Pctdouble left mouse click 83-84mean & stdtran top cons pairs 169-70mean & std tran2 vowel/cons es 237Pctleft shift to right shift 85-86mean & std tran top cons pairs th 171-72mean & std tran2 vowel/cons on 238-39RateKeystroke input rates w & w/out pauses pct = percent of total dur = duration tran = transition

18. Slide 18 Figure 3. A two-key sequence (th) showing the two transition measures: t1 = press time of second key – release time of first, and t2 = press time of second key – press time of first. A keystroke is depicted as a bucket with the down arrow marking the press and the up arrow the release time. Part a) non-overlapping keystroke events (t1 positive), and b) overlapping keystroke events where the first key is released after the second is pressed (t1 negative).

19. Slide 19 Figure 4. Hierarchy tree for the 39 duration categories (each oval). Each category is represented by a mean and a standard deviation, for a total of 78 duration features.

20. Slide 20 Figure 5. Hierarchy tree for the 35 transition categories (each oval). Each category is represented by a mean and a standard deviation for each of the type 1 and type 2 transitions, for a total of 140 transition features.

21. Slide 21 Fallback Formula m’(i) is the revised mean, n(i) is the number of occurrences of key i, m(i) is the mean of the n(i) samples of key i, m(fallback) is the mean of the fallback, and k2 is an experimentally-optimized constant

22. Slide 22 Questions Revisited Would you enroll in such a program at your supermarket? Would you enroll in such a program at your supermarket? Is “Big Brother” watching a little too closely? Is “Big Brother” watching a little too closely? Does anyone use biometric security at work? Does anyone use biometric security at work? What do you see as the future of biometrics? What do you see as the future of biometrics?

23. Slide 23 Shameless Plug Participate in our study! Remember, it’s worth 10 bonus points. http://utopia.csis.pace.edu/cs615/ 2005-2006/team4 http://utopia.csis.pace.edu/cs615/ 2005-2006/team4 http://utopia.csis.pace.edu/cs615/ 2005-2006/team4