1. Improving Wildland Fire Safety: A Challenge for Forest Fire Researchers Richard J. Mangan Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA

2. A High Risk Environment for Firefighters

3. Illnesses/Injuries/Fatalities

4. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Illnesses/Injuries

5. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Illnesses/Injuries Fatigue

6. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Illnesses/Injuries Fatigue Smoke

7. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Illnesses/Injuries Fatigue Smoke Heat Stress

8. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Illnesses/Injuries Fatigue Smoke Heat Stress Ankle/Knee/Back

9. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Fatalities

10. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Fatalities Burnovers

11. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Fatalities Burnovers Heart Attacks

12. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Fatalities Burnovers Heart Attacks Aircraft Accidents

13. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Fatalities Burnovers Heart Attacks Aircraft Accidents Vehicle Accidents

14. 20 th Century Improvements

15. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA 20 th Century Improvements Air Tankers

16. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA 20 th Century Improvements Air Tankers Helicopters

17. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Other Important 20 th Century Improvements

18. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Other Important 20 th Century Improvements Protective Clothing

19. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Other Important 20 th Century Improvements Protective Clothing Engine Protection Systems

20. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Other Important 20 th Century Improvements Protective Clothing Engine Protection Systems Ignition Systems (Ground and Aerial)

21. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Some Subtle Improvements

22. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Some Subtle Improvements Remote Automatic Weather Stations

23. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Some Subtle Improvements Remote Automatic Weather Stations Fire Behavior Modeling

24. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Some Subtle Improvements Remote Automatic Weather Stations Fire Behavior Modeling Satellite Technology (Green-up & Drought)

25. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Some Subtle Improvements Remote Automatic Weather Stations Fire Behavior Modeling Satellite Technology (Green-up & Drought) Lightning Detection

26. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Research & Development Facilities

27. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Research & Development Facilities CSIRO and NRE (Australia)

28. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Research & Development Facilities CSIRO and NRE (Australia) Private (i.e. Iturri Company, Spain)

29. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Research & Development Facilities CSIRO and NRE (Australia) Private (i.e. Iturri Company, Spain) Canadian Forest Service

30. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Research & Development Facilities CSIRO and NRE (Australia) Private (i.e. Iturri Company, Spain) Canadian Forest Service Siberian Fire Research Labs

31. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Research & Development Facilities CSIRO and NRE (Australia) Private (i.e. Iturri Company, Spain) Canadian Forest Service Siberian Fire Research Labs US Forest Service Fire Labs and T&D Centers

32. Few in Number, World-wide in Scope

33. Our Challenge “…coordinate integrated research among physical, biological and social science researchers to develop meaningful products, with effective technology transfer, for field firefighters….”

34. Key Components

35. Needed Information/Equipment

36. Key Components Needed Information/Equipment Cost Efficient

37. Key Components Needed Information/Equipment Cost Efficient Timely

38. Key Components Needed Information/Equipment Cost Efficient Timely User-Friendly

39. Who is Your Market??

40. 1 st World, 2 nd World, and 3 rd World Nations, and their Firefighters

41. Obstacles to Improving Wildfire Safety

42. Tradition

43. Obstacles to Improving Wildfire Safety Tradition Ownership

44. Obstacles to Improving Wildfire Safety Tradition Ownership Physical Limitations

45. Obstacles to Improving Wildfire Safety Tradition Ownership Physical Limitations Costs

46. Research Opportunities to Improve Firefighter Safety

47. Knowledge-based

48. Research Opportunities to Improve Firefighter Safety Knowledge-based Equipment-based

49. Research Opportunities to Improve Firefighter Safety Knowledge-based Equipment-based Behavior-based

50. Research Opportunities to Improve Firefighter Safety Knowledge-based Equipment-based Behavior-based Health & Fitness

51. Research Opportunities to Improve Firefighter Safety Knowledge-based Equipment-based Behavior-based Health & Fitness Decision Support Systems

52. Research Opportunities to Improve Firefighter Safety Knowledge-based Equipment-based Behavior-based Health & Fitness Decision Support Systems Urban Interface

53. Knowledge-Based

54. Fire Weather

55. Knowledge-Based Fire Weather Fire Behavior

56. Knowledge-Based Fire Weather Fire Behavior –Spotting

57. Knowledge-Based Fire Weather Fire Behavior –Spotting –Crowning

58. Knowledge-Based Fire Weather Fire Behavior –Spotting –Crowning –Extreme Behavior

59. Knowledge-Based Fire Weather Fire Behavior –Spotting –Crowning –Extreme Behavior Smoke Management

60. Some Success Stories

61. Project Vesta (Australia)

62. Some Success Stories Project Vesta (Australia) Int. Crown Fire Modeling Expt. (Canada)

63. Equipment - Based

64. Protective Clothing

65. Equipment - Based Protective Clothing Personal Shelters –Australian Blankets –U.S Fire Shelters

66. Equipment - Based Protective Clothing Personal Shelters –Australian Blankets –U.S Fire Shelters Respiratory Protection

67. Equipment - Based Protective Clothing Personal Shelters –Australian Blankets –U.S Fire Shelters Respiratory Protection Engines/Tankers

68. Behavior-Based

69. Human Factors

70. Behavior-Based Human Factors Crew Cohesion

71. Behavior-Based Human Factors Crew Cohesion Fireline Leadership

72. Behavior-Based Human Factors Crew Cohesion Fireline Leadership Decision-Making Under Stress

73. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Health & Fitness-Based

74. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Health & Fitness-Based Work Capacity Tests

75. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Health & Fitness-Based Work Capacity Tests Nutrition

76. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Health & Fitness-Based Work Capacity Tests Nutrition Injury Analysis

77. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Health & Fitness-Based Work Capacity Tests Nutrition Injury Analysis Work Hardening

78. Blackbull Wildfire Services Missoula, Montana USA Health & Fitness-Based Work Capacity Tests Nutrition Injury Analysis Work Hardening Work/Rest/Fatigue

79. Decision Support Systems

80. Integration of GPS/GIS/IR

81. Decision Support Systems Integration of GPS/GIS/IR Dispatch Automation and Coordination

82. Decision Support Systems Integration of GPS/GIS/IR Dispatch Automation and Coordination Risk Analysis Processes

83. Wildland Interface Fires

84. Firesafe Building Materials

85. Wildland Interface Fires Firesafe Building Materials Vegetation Management

86. Wildland Interface Fires Firesafe Building Materials Vegetation Management Public Education

87. Wildland Interface Fires Firesafe Building Materials Vegetation Management Public Education Structure Protection Systems

88. Bringing Our Research Efforts Together….

89. Universities

90. Bringing Our Research Efforts Together…. Universities Professional Societies

91. Bringing Our Research Efforts Together…. Universities Professional Societies Conferences

92. Bringing Our Research Efforts Together…. Universities Professional Societies Conferences U.N./E.U.

93. Bringing Our Research Efforts Together…. Universities Professional Societies Conferences U.N./E.U. IUFFRO

94. Bringing Our Research Efforts Together…. Universities Professional Societies Conferences U.N./E.U. IUFFRO Government Agencies

95. The Results of Your Efforts…..