1. Frontal Characteristics
With help of:
Equivalent Thickness and
Thermal Front Parameter (TFP)

2. Thermal Front Parameters TFP

5. Zones of high thickness gradient

7. Use of Vertical Cross Sections
Important view in third dimension
Reveals additional information
Parameters most indicative:
Isentrops (constant potential temp, dry [ =T(1000/p) R/cp ], and wet)
Humidity and humidity advection
Divergence and vertical motion
Temperature advection
Vorticity and vorticity advection
Potential vorticity
Isotachs

8. front
unstable

10. frontal cloud CA
front WA CA

11. Frontal cloud
div
conv
front
conv
div

12. frontal cloud
front

13. Analyses on Isentropic Surfaces
Relative Streams and
Conveyor Belts

14. Relative Streams Approach
Streams are on isentropic surfaces:
Surface of constant potential/equivalent potential temperature
 = T (1000/p) exp (R/cp)
 e =  exp (r qm/ cp T)
Streams are relativ to a system velocity
Determination of system velocity from AMVs

17. frontal cloud
pre-frontal Cb
front
selection
of indicative
isentrops: