1. Standardized Curriculum WAP Training Plans and Resources

2. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Goals of Standardized Curriculum Compile institutional knowledge Create baseline Core Competencies Flexibility Sections Editable Useful to instructors of all experience levels Free to all 2

3. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Standardized Curriculum is not… All things to all people Substitute for good, engaging instructors 3

4. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Process Input from Trainers and the field Review module outlines Create module Technical and training review and field testing Revisions Roll-out Feedback Revisions 4

5. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Modules Installer Fundamentals Installer Intermediate Installer – Mobile Homes Energy Auditor Crew Chief Technical Monitoring/Inspecting Train the Trainer Heating System Training for Energy Auditors and Inspectors Heating and Cooling System Training for HVAC Contractors Multifamily Specialties 5

6. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Example: Installer Fundamentals Presentation Speaker’s Notes Lesson Plans Sample Course Schedule Hands On Props Additional Resources Glossary 6

7. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM What’s Included? 7

8. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Overview Introduction to the Weatherization Assistance Program Communication Skills House as a System Building Science Basics Blower Door Basics Pressure and Thermal Boundaries Combustion Safety Worker Safety Materials, Tools, & Equipment Typical Weatherization Measures Mobile Home Basics Multifamily Basics 8

9. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Learning Objectives By attending this session, participants will: Understand the difference between thermal and air barriers Know the proper location of thermal and air barriers Recognize the driving forces of air leakage Understand the connection between air leakage, energy waste, and moisture problems Understand how air ducts affect pressure balances within the home Understand the principle behind the blower door as a tool for measuring air leakage 9 BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS

10. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Comfort, Safety, and Efficiency A comfortable, safe, and energy-efficient home requires: A fully insulated thermal envelope A well-sealed air boundary The thermal and air boundaries to be continuous and in contact with one another Efficient, properly sized equipment to condition the living space and heat water A well-designed and balanced air distribution system Healthy indoor air quality BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS 10

11. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Thermal Boundary The Thermal Boundary: Limits heat flow between inside and outside Easy to identify by presence of insulation The location of insulation in relation to other building components is critical to its effectiveness Even small areas of missing insulation are very important Voids of 7% can reduce effective R-value by almost 50% 11 BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS

12. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM12

13. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Air Barrier The Air Barrier: Limits airflow between inside and outside More difficult to identify Not always where you think it is Blower door is used to locate air barrier 13 BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS

14. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Air Leakage 14 Air leakage requires: A hole Pressure difference across that hole The bigger the hole or higher the pressure difference, the more airflow To reduce airflow, we can reduce the size of the hole or lower the pressure difference BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS

15. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Air Leakage Airflow is measured in cubic feet per minute, also written as ft 3 /min, or CFM 1 CFM OUT = 1 CFM IN Airflow takes the path of least resistance Air moves from high- to low-pressure areas Air usually moves from high- to low-temperature areas 15 BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS

16. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Air Leakage Direct Leakage occurs at direct openings to outdoors. Leakage enters and exits at same location. Indirect Leakage Leakage enters at one location, moves through building cavities, and exits at a different location. 16 BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS

17. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Air Leakage Ventilation = Controlled air leakage 17 Exfiltration = Air leaking out Infiltration = Air leaking in BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS

18. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Driving Forces of Air Leakage Temperature and pressure differences – usually between inside the house and outside The bigger the temperature or pressure difference, the greater the air and heat flow 18 BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS

19. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Air Leakage: Temperature  T = Temperature Difference WinterSummer 70  10  70  90   T=60   T=20  Flow is from _____ to _____ The higher the  T, the ______ heat and air want to escape or enter the building hotcold more 19 BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS

20. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Air Leakage: Pressure  P = Pressure Difference Flow is from ________________ to ________________ pressure For every CFM that _______, one CFM _______ Flow takes the path of _______ resistance PositiveNegative positive (high)negative (low) entersexits least 20 BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS

21. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Air Leakage: Driving Forces Types of Driving Forces Wind Heat – Stack effect, combustion Fans – Exhaust fans, duct leaks, interior doors 21 BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS

22. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Driving Forces: Wind Effect WIND DIRECTION 22 BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS Wind creates a positive pressure on the windward side of the building... positive pressure negative pressure Which creates a negative pressure on the other sides of the house

23. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Driving Forces: Stack Effect Stack Effect Warmer air rises and escapes out of the top of the house... Which creates a suction that pulls in outside air at the bottom of the house negative pressure Neutral pressure plane 23 BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS positive pressure

24. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM 24 Positive pressure (with reference to outside) Neutral pressure plane David Keefe Vermont Energy Investment Corp. Negative pressure (with reference to outside) Stack Effect

25. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Driving Forces: Combustion & Fans Combustion Equipment & Exhaust Fans 25 Exhaust Fan Negative pressure BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS

26. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Driving Forces: Duct Leakage Duct leakage can create positive and negative pressures in different areas of the house The pressures associated with duct leaks can be larger and more important because the driving force is stronger All holes are not created equal! 26 Duct Leakage ReturnSupply BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS

27. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Driving Forces: Duct Leakage Closed doors that prevent supply air from getting back to a return cause positive pressures in those rooms with supply vents.... Meanwhile, starving the return for air, causing negative pressure in the zone where the return is located. 27 Duct Leakage ReturnSupply BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS

28. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Driving Forces: Imbalances Master Bedroom Bath Utility Room Kitchen Living Room Whole-house return in hallway 28 Room Pressure Imbalances BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS

29. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Controlled Driving Force Using the blower door depressurizes the house, drawing air through all the holes between inside and outside negative pressure Blower Door 29 Use a Blower Door as a Controlled Driving Force BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS

30. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM Summary Pressure and thermal boundaries should be continuous and in contact with each other Air carries heat and moisture Air leakage requires a hole and pressure difference Wind, heat and fans drive pressure differences Duct location and condition can cause room pressure imbalances Blower door is a controlled driving force for quantifying air leakage 30 BUILDING SCIENCE BASICS

31. Questions? Kelly Cutchin kcutchin@sms-results.com 202.558.9742