1. 01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail PHT FKSG 1 2 GIS COMPONENTS

2. 01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail PHT FKSG 2 Hardware Hardware Software Software Data Data Institution Institution Basic COMPONENTS

3. 01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail PHT FKSG 3 GIS COMPONENTS (I) hardware hardware –computers to run software software software –computer program to process data custom-written software custom-written software generic programs are more popular generic programs are more popular data data –processed for information retrieval –most costly compared with hardware and software –longer life span

4. 01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail PHT FKSG 4 Institution Institution –individual and/or organisation that use or implements GIS –critical component as it decides the success of implementation –need for GIS professional to analyze, research, design complex GIS applications –difficult to change humans to adapt with new technology –easily overlooked

5. 01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail PHT FKSG 5 GIS SUB-SYSTEMS / FUNCTIONS(I) 1. data acquisition/input –define, entry and preliminary processing data –Involves digitizer, scanner, survey equipment, etc. 2. data management –control existence, update, recall and deletion of data –database management system

6. 01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail PHT FKSG 6 GIS SUB-SYSTEMS / FUNCTIONS (II) 3. analysis of data –generation of information from data archives –spatial analysis software –value of GIS depends on the analytic functions it provides 4. information output –generated information conveyed to the users –information managed by computers can be plotted, printed or exported into other systems.

7. 01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail PHT FKSG 7 Four major components of GIS (Martin, 1991): Four major components of GIS (Martin, 1991): –collection, input and correction –storage and retrieval –manipulation and analysis –output and reporting These components dictate the functions that a GIS can carry out. These components dictate the functions that a GIS can carry out. Other views on GIS Components and functions

8. 01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail PHT FKSG 8 GIS capabilities can also be highlighted according to functions (Martin,1991; Anselin,1998). GIS capabilities can also be highlighted according to functions (Martin,1991; Anselin,1998). …GIS Components and functions