1. Doing the Research 9410045A Jim 9410005A Belinda 9422059A Dustin

2. 6a What information to look for  Material  The beginning of your search  The first stage  Sources

3. 6a-1 Single-fact information  Specific factual questions  The books  The librarian

4. 6a-2 General information  Overview  For example, The first Monarchism of Chinese The first Monarchism of Chinese  They can be found

5. 6a-3 In-depth information  It is found in  For example, The Biography of Qin Shi Huang  Sources

6. 6b Where to look for information 6b Where to look for information  Online databases  Online encyclopedia  Library of Congress’s online catalog  Search engines  Appendix B  Search engines  Bibliography  Library catalog  Book Review Digest  Dictionary  Who’s Who  Gazetteers and atlases

7. 6b-1 General indexes  Magazines, newspapers, and journals  The newest information  The difference  The Reader’s Guide  It gives us

10. 6b-2 Specialized indexes  For example, the Educational Index the Educational Index  Right index

12. 6b-3 Using interviews and surveys Interviews Interviews 1.Experts 2.For example, English teaching 3.experience Surveys Surveys 1.Psychology 2.Social sciences

13. 6b-4 Corresponding by e-mail

14. 6b-5 Attending lectures, concerts or art exhibits  For example, the lyrics of rock music the lyrics of rock music  Remember this point

15. Working Bibliography Working Bibliography  What is the working bibliography?  What is the final bibliography?  What are the bibliography cards?

16. The Process of Taking Notes of Useful Sources  Write down each source on a separate 3x5 card.  Use the same format on the bibliography cards that you will use later in the final bibliography.  Name of author(s)  Title of work  Facts of publication  Page(s) of information

17. The Process of Taking Notes of Useful Sources (Continue)  Write down the name of the library or place where you found the source in the upper right- hand corner.  Cite the library call number of the source in the upper left-hand corner of the card.

19. Skimming  In a book, glance at the preface.  Look up the subject in the index of the book.  Read the chapter headings.  Read the first and last two sentences in a paragraph.  Glance at the opening paragraph of an article.

20. Skimming (Continue)  Glance at concluding paragraphs in an article, essay or book chapter.  Run your eye down the page, reading every fourth or fifth sentence.

21. Primary and Secondary Sources  What is the primary source?  What is the secondary source?

22. Evaluating Sources  Choose sources that include your particular subject in detail.  Recognize the point of view in sources.  Prove one opinion against another.  Note the date of the evidence.

23. Evaluating Sources (Continue)  Use your editorial judgment.  Check your evaluation against those of professionals.  Beware of statistics.

25. 6e Note-taking Belinda/9410005A  use computers to do the note-taking  note cards --- 4 X 6  your own ideas → information from your research your research  readers: your conclusion + your evidence & reasoning your evidence & reasoning

26. 6e-1 Choosing the number of notes  No exact rule exists.  Ideally: information from sources information from sources + commentary and interpretation commentary and interpretation  In sum your opinionated conclusions your opinionated conclusions + evidence & other opinions evidence & other opinions

27. 6e-2 Formatting the note cards  4 X 6 note cards  write in ink instead of pencil  write down only one idea or quotation  upper left-hand corner: source of the note  upper right-hand corner: a general heading

28. 6e-3 Using the computer to take notes  download → print it out → highlight  Keep electronic sources → organize them → copy-and paste function → copy-and paste function  advantage: it’s convenient for filing your ideas ideas  weakness: need to organize it more carefully carefully

29. Suggestions of using computers to take notes  1. number each note sequentially  2. to insert about the same information beside the note information beside the note  3. type complete name of the source or enough key words in parentheses enough key words in parentheses  4. put the relevant page number

30. 6e-4 Using a copy machine to take notes 1. Always write down details about the source on the top of the page soon source on the top of the page soon after copying it. after copying it. 2. Be neat about the pages you copy.

31. 6e-5 Kinds of notes  the summary  the paraphrase  the quotation  the personal comment

32. The paraphrase The paraphrase  The most common form of note writing 1. You’ve mastered the material well enough. 2. It gives your paper an even, consistent style

33. The quotation The quotation  ※ place [ sic ] beside the error  Rules: 1. no more than 10 percent of the total 1. no more than 10 percent of the total paper paper 2. only when the authority of the writer 2. only when the authority of the writer is needed is needed 3. the material can’t be paraphrased or 3. the material can’t be paraphrased or summarized summarized

34. A note card with a quotation A note card with a quotation

35. Rules of using quotations on note cards  Put quotation marks around the quotation.  Introduce the quotation or place it in proper context.  Copy quotations exactly as they are written

36. The personal comment The personal comment  to explain a fuzzy statement  stress a particular point  draw a conclusion  clarify an issue  identify an inconsistency  introduce a new idea

37. 6f Plagiarism and how to avoid it  The process of learning → plagiarism  “No pain, no gain.” → plagiarism However, blatant plagiarism - deliberate stealing - deliberate stealing - with the motive of earning underserved - with the motive of earning underserved rewards rewards

38. To avoid plagiarism…..  Provide a note for any idea borrowed from another.  Place quoted material in quotation marks.  Provide a bibliography entry at the end of the paper for every source used in the text or in a note.

39.  General knowledge : A piece of information that shows up in five or more sources. ex. proverbs & sayings ex. proverbs & sayings========================================  Any idea derived from a known source  Any fact or data borrowed from the work of another.  Any expression that is taken from someone else.  Any material lifted verbatim from the work of another.  Any information that is paraphrased or summarized →used in a research paper

40.  Source tip: It’s not the length of the writing that determines whether you give credit to a source; it’s the use of its phrasing or ideas. It’s not the length of the writing that determines whether you give credit to a source; it’s the use of its phrasing or ideas.  Freely electronic source → plagiarism