2. Company LOGO Peer-to-Peer Inside and out

3. What is a P2P network?  All machines are connected as equal  Each user is a Peer  Peers can act as both a server and a client  What does this mean?  Each user can send and receive files from other users  To understand the importance, must look at the other ways of transmitting data

4. The Old Days  Server to Client  Client requests information from server  All data must be on server  Server uses all its bandwidth to send data  Must split up bandwidth for many users

5. Benefits of P2P  Distributed  Data can be distributed across the entire network  Bandwidth is distributed across each machine with the data  Search processing is distributed  Redundancy within the network

6. Napster  Clients registered with central server  Useful if subscription service is introduced  Central server kept search indexes  Allowed users to search from their servers and download the files from other computers

7. Gnutella  Originally developed at Nullsoft  Left as Open Source once project was released to public, then abandoned  LimeWire emerged as a community leader  Used by many clients  Limewire – limewire.com  BearShare – bearshare.com  Shareaza – shareaza.com  Many more…

8. Gnutella  No centralized server  Only have to connect to anyone on the network to become apart of it  Can’t be easily shutdown  Each search query forwarded to nodes connected to  Searches may not go far  TTL value goes down quick  High bandwidth usage  Each node is sending query  UltraPeers and Leaf systems implemented to counter scalability problems

9. Gnutella

12. FastTrack Protocol  Used by Kazaa – kazaa.com  Formerly used by Morpheus  Sharman networks shutdown Morpheus’ ability to connected  Users register to main server  Option for subscription still open  Users then connect to SuperNodes  Files are downloaded from other users

13. FastTrack Protocol  What are SuperNodes?  SuperNodes are other users with high bandwidth and processing abilities  Requirements must be met to become a SuperNode  SuperNodes act as search indexes and network hub  High Scalability  SuperNodes allows search queries to reach many nodes on the network  Goes farther with TTL value  Only sends query to nodes it believes has the result

14. FastTrack Protocol

17. Direct Connect  Made by NeoModus – neo-modus.com  Allows users to create their own P2P network  Main server becomes SuperNode for hub  All computers connected to SuperNode share their information  Large scale possibilities  Can connect to multiple hubs  Popular for small groups  College campuses  Company networks

18. Bit Torrent  Created by Bram Cohen – bittorrent.com  A download application that utilizes P2P networking capabilities  Each user uploads and downloads at the same time  How does it work?  Seeder publishes.torrent file on the web  File contains tracker information for the download  Tracker tells client where to find other clients  Query other clients for pieces of file  Client downloads and uploads parts of file to each other until everyone has it

19. Bit Torrent  Why is it popular?  Easily accessible through web browser  Suprnova.org  Good for large files  RedHat distributions  Movies  Everyone sharing a specific file  Higher standing for uploading  Emphasis on upload ratio  Keep the window open after finished!

20. Bit Torrent

23. Legalities  Napster – In May, 1999, Shawn Fanning released the Napster file sharing client.  How did it end for Napster?  Record Industry Association of America sued Napster for disseminating copyright material.  What was Napster’s fatal flaw?  Napster maintained a database of all files available and therefore was clearly party to this illegal copying.

24. Legalities  New wave of P2P: KaZaA, BearShare, LimeWire, and more.  How did they get away with it?  Capitalized off Napster’s flaw  Gnutella Protocol – De-centralizes file sharing, now makes it amongst users and has no central system.  Why was it so successful against the RIAA?  The application was just the medium. It did not house information of users and their files.  RIAA last resort – Sue the users.

25. Legalities  MP3’s  Copyrighted material (RIAA)  Movies  Copyrighted material (MPAA)  Child Pornography  Illegal to posses (Obviously)

26. The Numbers  Users sued by the RIAA: 5,550+ (As of Oct. 1)  Cases Settled: 600  How much they settle for: It Ranges  10 Coloradoans paid as much as $4,000 each  4 Students agreed to pay $12,000 to $17,500  Has File-Sharing been curbed?  Slightly – Less Users.  More files are being moved.

27. The Numbers  It takes 5,000 downloads to reduce sales of an album  This means only a decrease of 2 million in sales; however, the RIAA claims over 139 million in decrease in sales.  CD sales in 2004 are up 14% compared to this time last year.  MPAA enjoyed a $9.5 Billion year. It’s second highest ever.  DVD Sales have increased as well.

28. The Numbers 1998199920002001 Total Dollars (in millions) 13723.4146511440413700 New Releases 331003890027000 Dollars per release 414,604376,632533,481507,407

29. Tips and Tricks STAY OUT OF TROUBLE, PUNK

30. Tips and Tricks  Set-up Servers  Boxden.com  Website offers links to other websites where you can download free music  Pro: It’s free and the most popular music  Con: Only has Hip-Hop/R&B and music is only available for a day.

31. Tips and Tricks  Internet Relay Chat (IRC)  Download IRC client from www.mirc.comwww.mirc.com  Visit http://mp3.about.com/library/weekly/aa062600.htmhttp://mp3.about.com/library/weekly/aa062600.htm  Pros: Very reliable way of getting music. Also, usually supplies the newest music.  Con: Can be confusing at first. Takes some time to get use to and use.

32. Tips and Tricks  AIM & Friends  AIM allows you to send and get files between AIM users.  You and your friends can set up your own network of file sharing.  Pros: You’re getting free music and it is completely safe from RIAA.  Cons: It takes some work on your part. You must also supply music.

33. Tips and Tricks  Movies  Use Bit Tornado  Keep uploading after you’re done  Limit upload when you need to  Forward ports!  Avoid current movies on suprnova.org  MPAA will come after you  They’re nicer than the RIAA  Looks for private sites

34. Tips and Tricks  Music  Use Kazaa Lite  download.freeweb-hosting.com  Kazaa has spyware  Turn off sharing  Listen to old music  Download files which only 2 or 3 people have  Avoid files where more than 2 instances are by the same person

35. Tips and Tricks  Buy and rip them yourself  Deepdiscountdvd.com  Deepdiscountcd.com  iTunes.com  Real.com  Napster.com  Internet Radio  WPUB.org

36. Peer-to-Peer The End Questions, Comments, Observations?