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“Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!” AirspaceAirspace Going From Point A to Point G Written for the Notre Dame Pilot Initiative By the Pilots of the University of Notre Dame Written for the Notre Dame Pilot Initiative By the Pilots of the University of Notre Dame
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QuoteQuote “To most people, the sky is the limit. To those who love aviation, the sky is home.” Anonymous “To most people, the sky is the limit. To those who love aviation, the sky is home.” Anonymous
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RoadmapRoadmap Controlled Airspace Uncontrolled Airspace Special Use Airspace Other Airspace Controlled Airspace Uncontrolled Airspace Special Use Airspace Other Airspace
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Types of Airspace Controlled Class A – Altitude Class B – Big / Boeing Class C – Crowded Class D – Dialogue Class E – Everything Else Uncontrolled Class G – Go for it Controlled Class A – Altitude Class B – Big / Boeing Class C – Crowded Class D – Dialogue Class E – Everything Else Uncontrolled Class G – Go for it
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Types of Airspace (cont.) Special Use Restricted Airspace Prohibited Airspace Military Operations Area (MOA) Warning Area Alert Area Controlled Firing Area Special Use Restricted Airspace Prohibited Airspace Military Operations Area (MOA) Warning Area Alert Area Controlled Firing Area
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Types of Airspace (cont.) Other Airspace Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR) Other Airspace Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR)
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Class A (Alpha) Generally, the airspace from 18,000 MSL up to FL600
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Class A Regulations IFR Only IFR Clearance/Equipment No visibility or cloud clearance requirements
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Class B (Bravo) Generally, the airspace from the surface to 10,000 MSL surrounding the nations busiest airports Individually tailored Multi-Layered Looks like upside down wedding cake Generally, the airspace from the surface to 10,000 MSL surrounding the nations busiest airports Individually tailored Multi-Layered Looks like upside down wedding cake
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Class B Regulations ATC Clearance Required Mode C Transponder within 30NM veil Radio 250-knot speed limit within Class B 200-knot under Class B or in corridor Private Pilot, or Endorsed Student Certificate* 3SM visibility No cloud clearance requirement *Some Class B airports prohibits student pilots
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Class C (Charlie) Generally, the airspace from the surface to 4,000 AGL above an airport One Layer Individually Tailored 5NM core 10NM shelf area from 1,200 AGL to 4,000 AGL Generally, the airspace from the surface to 4,000 AGL above an airport One Layer Individually Tailored 5NM core 10NM shelf area from 1,200 AGL to 4,000 AGL
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Class C Regulations IFR: Clearance Required VFR: Radio Contact Mode C inside or above (up to 10,000 MSL) 200-knot speed limit below 2,500 AGL within 4NM of airport Student Certificate 3SM visibility Cloud Clearance 500 Below / 1,000 Above / 2,000 Horizontal Guarantees IFR, Special VFR, and Runway separation VFR time permitting Traffic Advisories
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Class D (Delta) Generally, the airspace from the surface up to 2,500 AGL Individually tailored Cylinder Based upon the instrument procedures in place Generally, the airspace from the surface up to 2,500 AGL Individually tailored Cylinder Based upon the instrument procedures in place
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Class D Regulations IFR: Clearance Required VFR: Radio Contact 200-knot speed limit below 2,500 AGL within 4NM of airport Student Certificate 3SM visibility Cloud Clearance 500 Below / 1,000 Above / 2,000 Horizontal Guarantees IFR, Special VFR, and Runway separation Traffic Advisories workload permitting
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Class E Generally, all controlled airspace that is not Class A, B, C or D Class E below 14,500 MSL is charted Surface Area Extension to existing surface area Transition Beginning at 700 or 1,200* AGL Federal Airways Extend upward from 1,200 AGL to 17,999 MSL *Almost all Class E airspace East of the Rockies begins at 1,200 AGL Generally, all controlled airspace that is not Class A, B, C or D Class E below 14,500 MSL is charted Surface Area Extension to existing surface area Transition Beginning at 700 or 1,200* AGL Federal Airways Extend upward from 1,200 AGL to 17,999 MSL *Almost all Class E airspace East of the Rockies begins at 1,200 AGL
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Class E Regulations IFR: Clearance/Comm Required Student Certificate Guarantees IFR and Special VFR separation Traffic Advisories workload permitting Below 10,000 MSL 3SM visibility Cloud Clearance 500 below 1,000 above 2,000 horizontal 10,000 MSL and above 5SM visibility Cloud Clearance 1,000 below 1,000 above 1SM horizontal
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Class G (Golf) Airspace that has not been classified as Class A, B, C, D or E
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Class G Regulations Student Certificate Traffic Advisories workload permitting DayNight Below 1,200 AGL Below 10,000 MSL Above 10,000 MSL Below 1,200 AGL Below 10,000 MSL Above 10,000 MSL 1SM 5SM3SM 5SM Clear of Clouds 500 Below 1,000 Above 2,000 Horiz 1,000 Below 1,000 Above 1SM Horiz 500 Below 1,000 Above 2,000 Horiz 500 Below 1,000 Above 2,000 Horiz 1,000 Below 1,000 Above 1SM Horiz
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Restricted Area Aircraft subject to restrictions Unusual, often invisible, hazards to aircraft such as artillery firing, aerial gunnery, or guided missiles Authorization from controlling agency If IFR, ATC will coordinate IF VFR, pilot’s responsibility Aircraft subject to restrictions Unusual, often invisible, hazards to aircraft such as artillery firing, aerial gunnery, or guided missiles Authorization from controlling agency If IFR, ATC will coordinate IF VFR, pilot’s responsibility
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Prohibited Airspace Aircraft are prohibited Established for national security or other reasons associated with national welfare Aircraft are prohibited Established for national security or other reasons associated with national welfare
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Military Operations Area (MOA) Purpose is to separate IFR traffic from military training activity If IFR, ATC will coordinate If VFR, no authorization is necessary – proceed with caution Activities include (but not limited to): air combat tactics, air intercepts, aerobatics, formation training, and low-altitude tactics Purpose is to separate IFR traffic from military training activity If IFR, ATC will coordinate If VFR, no authorization is necessary – proceed with caution Activities include (but not limited to): air combat tactics, air intercepts, aerobatics, formation training, and low-altitude tactics
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Warning Area Airspace of defined dimensions, extending from 3NM outward from the coast of the U.S. Purpose is to warn nonparticipating pilots of potential danger Airspace of defined dimensions, extending from 3NM outward from the coast of the U.S. Purpose is to warn nonparticipating pilots of potential danger
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Alert Area Depicted on aeronautical charts to inform nonparticipating pilots of areas that may contain a high volume of pilot training or an unusual type of aerial activity No authorization required – proceed with caution Both participating and nonparticipating pilots are equally responsible Depicted on aeronautical charts to inform nonparticipating pilots of areas that may contain a high volume of pilot training or an unusual type of aerial activity No authorization required – proceed with caution Both participating and nonparticipating pilots are equally responsible
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Controlled Firing Area Uncharted areas containing activities that, if not conducted in a controlled environment, could be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft All activities suspended when an aircraft is spotted that might be approaching Uncharted areas containing activities that, if not conducted in a controlled environment, could be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft All activities suspended when an aircraft is spotted that might be approaching
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Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR) Purpose Protect persons and property in the air or on the surface National Disasters Protect President, VP, other important figures Issued by NOTAM (Notice to Airmen) Purpose Protect persons and property in the air or on the surface National Disasters Protect President, VP, other important figures Issued by NOTAM (Notice to Airmen)
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Questions? (Like how this thing flies?)
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