1. Virtual Geologic Mapping in the Geology Explorer Bernhardt Saini-Eidukat 1, Donald Schwert 1, Brian Slator 2, Otto Borchert 2, Robert Cosmano 2, Guy Hokanson 2, Carson Rittel 1, and Shannon Tomac 3 1 Dept. of Geosciences, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 2 Dept. of Computer Science, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 3 Dept. of Art and Design, Minnesota State Univ.- Moorhead, Moorhead, MN

2. NDSU WWWIC World Wide Web Instructional Committee Paul JuellDonald Schwert Philip McCleanBrian Slator Bernhardt Saini-EidukatAlan White Jeff ClarkLisa Daniels WWWIC faculty supported by large teams of undergraduate and graduate students WWWIC’s virtual worlds research supported by NSF grants DUE-9752548, EAR-9809761, DUE-9981094, ITR-0086142 and EPSCoR 99-77788, and FIPSE P116B011528

3. The Geology Explorer Project Educational Game designed to provide authentic learn-by-doing experience Exploration of a spatially oriented virtual world Practical, field oriented, expedition planning and decision making Scientific problem solving (i.e., a “hands on” approach to the scientific method)

4. Balancing Pedagogy with Play Games have the capacity to engage! Powerful mechanisms for instruction Illustrate real-world content and structure Promote strategic maturity (“learning not the law, but learning to think like a lawyer”)

5. Technical Approach Networked, internet based, client-server simulation UNIX-based MOO (Multi-User Dungeon, Object Oriented) Java-based clients (text and graphical versions)

6. The Setting Planet Oit - similar to Earth, but opposite the Sun Students “land” on Oit to undertake exploration Authentic Geoscience goals - e.g., to locate, identify, and report valuable minerals

7. The Simulation ~50 places: desert, cutbank, cave, etc. ~100 different rocks and minerals ~15 field instruments: rock pick, acid bottle, magnet, etc. ~Software Tutors: agents for equipment, exploration, and deduction

8. Graphical Navigation

9. Database Map of Planet Oit

10. Carrying out Investigations: Players Identify Outcrops Using Tests Results of Tests (in this case, acid reactivity) Detail Images for Samples

11. If the property acid_reactive is 2, the mineral fizzes actively when acid is poured on it. If the property acid_reactive is 1, and a powder is made of the mineral, the powder will fizz actively. If the acid_reactive property is 0, the mineral does not fizz. If the rock contains more than 10% calcite, it fizzes actively when acid is poured on it. If the rock contains between 0 and 10 percent calcite, its powderized form will fizz. Also, if the rock contains more than 25% dolomite, its powder will fizz actively. Finally, if the rock contains no calcite or dolomite, it will not fizz. Because each mineral in the rock can be distinguished, the test can be performed on each mineral. Each returns whether it is acid reactive or not. Most other objects in the game have a acid_reactive property of 0. Pouring acid on them will cause them not to fizz. Players are an exception to this rule. You are unable to pour acid on other players. MineralsFine-grained rocks Coarse- grained rocks Other objects Example of Programming Actions: Acid Bottle: "pour acid bottle on substance"

12. Deductive Tutors Equipment tutor Exploration tutor Science tutor Detects when a student makes a wrong guess and why (i.e. what evidence they are lacking); or when a student makes a correct guess with insufficient evidence (i.e. a lucky guess) Intelligent Software are Needed in Virtual Environments: Tutoring Agents are Needed in Virtual Environments: Students/players interact with the intelligent tutoring agents Players can ignore advice and carry on at their own risk

13. Virtual Mapping and Petrology Module SS LS SS Schist 1 Marble Qzite Sch2 Qtzite Dike Sch2Gneiss LS Marble Qzite SS Schematic map - not to scale

14. SS LS SS Schist 1 Marble Qzite Sch2 Qtzite Dike Sch2Gneiss LS Marble Qzite SS Virtual Mapping and Petrology Module First Set of Goals Locate yourself and outcrops using topo maps and aerial photos General rock identification Begin creating a Geologic Map

15. Virtual Mapping and Petrology Module Tutorials on Concepts of Geologic Mapping are Available in the Environment A Player (appearance can be changed)

16. Virtual Mapping and Petrology Module Base Maps for Adding Data and Creating a Geologic Map “aerial photo”

17. Virtual Mapping and Petrology Module Base Maps for Adding Data and Creating a Geologic Map Topographic map

18. Virtual Mapping and Petrology Module Outcrop Locations are Shown with Markers Rock Type Markers Show Locations of Identified Outcrops You Are Here

19. Player Creates a Geologic Map Based on Outcrop Locations, and Can Get Immediate Feedback Virtual Mapping and Petrology Module

20. SS LS SS Schist 1 Marble Qzite Sch2 Qtzite Dike Sch2Gneiss LS Marble Qzite SS Virtual Mapping and Petrology Module Intermediate Goal Put Geologic Events in a Reasonable Order Advanced Goals (in development) Identify the Metamorphic ‘basement’ rocks Use Thin Sections for Rock Identification Microprobe Analyses of Relevant Minerals Thermobarometry

21. Efficacy shown by controlled experiments Fall Semesters 1998 - 2002 >400 students in large non-major Intro Geo class, split into 3 groups Planet Oit Web-based (alternative) exercise Control (non-participant)

22. Rejects the notion of standardized multiple choice tests Pre-game narrative-based survey short problem-solving stories students record their impressions and questions Similar post-game survey with different but analogous scenarios Surveys analyzed for improvement in problem-solving Subjective Assessment

23. The Geology Explorer: Assessment Protocol Pre-course Assessment: 400+ students Computer Literacy Assessment: (244 volunteers) Divide by Computer Literacy and Geology Lab Experience Geomagnetic (Alternative) Group: (122 students) Geology Explorer Geology Explorer Treatment Group: (122 students) Non-Participant Control Group: Non-Participant Control Group: (150 students, approx.) Completed Completed (78 students) Non-completed Non-completed (44 students) Completed Completed (95 students) Non-completed Non-completed (27 students) Post-course Assessment: 368 students Example: Fall, 1998

24. Mean Post-Intervention Scenario Scores for 1998 Geology Explorer - NDSU Physical Geology Students GraderGraderGrader GroupNo.OneTwoThree Alternate 9529.3a27.0a42.6a Control19525.1a25.5a44.5a Planet Oit 7840.5b35.4b53.4b Within any column, any two means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P=0.05 using Duncan’s multiple range mean separation test.

25. Mean Post-Intervention Scenario Scores for 1999 Geology Explorer - NDSU Physical Geology Students GroupPrePost Alternate11.0a36.8a Control13.1a36.7a Planet Oit9.07a47.5b Within any column, any two means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P=0.05 using Duncan’s multiple range mean separation test.

26. Implementation: Networked, Multi-player Simulation-based Interactive Multi-media, highly graphical Educational virtual environments can provide: Authentic Experiences Active Learning And are valuable adjuncts to traditional learning Conclusions

27. http://oit.ndsu.edu World Wide Web Instructional Committee (WWWIC) North Dakota State University Fargo ND