1. Plant Cell Topic # 2013 By: Leyna Dussel http://www.cellsalive.com/

2. Plant cell

3. The Nucleus and Nucleolus The nucleus is the most obvious organelle in any eukaryotic cell. It is a membrane-bound organelle and is surrounded by a double membrane. It communicates with the surrounding cytosol via numerous nuclear pores.

4. The Nucleus and Nucleolus Within the nucleus is the DNA responsible for providing the cell with its unique characteristics. The prominent structure in the nucleus is the nucleolus. The nucleolus produces ribosomes, which move out of the nucleus to positions on the rough endoplasmic reticulum where they are critical in protein synthesis.

5. Endoplasmic Reticulum responsible for the production of hormones and other secretor products ER for short continuation of the outer nuclear membrane

6. Smooth Vs. Rough ER The rough ER appears rough due to the presence of ribosomes on the membrane surface Rough ER is important in the synthesis of other proteins. At the ribosomes on the rough ER, the messenger RNA is translated into proteins Smooth ER is important in the synthesis of lipids and membrane proteins

7. Centrosome The centrosome, also called the "microtubule organizing center", is an area in the cell where microtubles are produced from each centrosome, microtubules grow into a "spindle" which is responsible for separating replicated chromosomes into the two daughter cells Plant cells have centrosomes, but they do not have centrioles

8. Cytoskeleton primary importance of the cytoskeleton is in cell motility The internal movement of cell organelles The cytoskeleton is an organized network of three primary protein filaments: microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate fibers

9. Golgi Apparatus a stack of membrane- bound vesicles that are important in packaging macromolecules (enzymatic or hormonal contents of lysosomes, peroxisomes and secretory vesicles) transport elsewhere in the cell

10. Mitochondria provide the energy a cell needs membrane-bound organelles, and like the nucleus have a double membrane Combine sugar and oxygen to make ATP - the primary energy source for the cell

11. Vacuole membrane-bound sac that plays roles in intracellular digestion and the release of cellular waste products Vacuoles tend to be large in plant cells and play a role in turgor pressure. When a plant is well- watered, water collects in cell vacuoles producing rigidity in the plant. Without sufficient water, pressure in the vacuole is reduced and the plant wilts

12. Cell Membrane The membrane is a double layer of lipids The membrane is responsible for the controlled entry and exit of ions like sodium (Na) potassium (K), calcium (Ca++).

13. Cytosol The cytosol (cytoplasm) is the "soup" within which all the other cell organelles reside and where most of the cellular metabolism occurs full of proteins that control cell metabolism including signal transduction pathways, glycolysis, intracellular receptors, and transcription factors.

14. Cell wall Prokaryotic cells and plant cells Only made up of polysaccharides The cell wall provides and maintains the shape of these cells and serves as a protective barrier

15. Chloroplast specialized organelles found in all higher plant cells These organelles contain the plant cell's chlorophyll, hence provide the green color where photosynthesis takes place