2. Unit 4 Skeletal System

3. 1. List the 5 functions of the Skeletal System Supports the body Protects soft body parts Produces Blood Cells Stores fats and minerals Permit body Movement

4. 2. Label a long bone Compact (dense) Makes up the DIAPHYSIS Hollow center is called MEDULLARY cavity and is where yellow bone marrow is

5. 2. Diagram of a long bone Spongy ( cancellous) Also called TRABECULAE Makes up the EPIPHYSIS Lighter, design for strength Contains red blood marrow

6. Dental Compact and Spongy What teeth are these?

7. 2.What is the relationship of the Epiphyseal disk to Growth? The epiphysis of a bone is covered with a disk made of cartilage As the bone grows larger, the disk recedes When the bone has grown as large as it will get- the disk is GONE

8. Epiphyseal disk and Growth An orthodontist may xray the wrist of a patient to see the size of the disk to determine if the patient is done growing. A patient with crowded teeth may not need braces if there is going to be growth of the jaw bones to accommodate the teeth!

9. 3. 2 Types of Bone development Bone formation is called ossification Long bones develop from cartilage=ENDOCHONDRIAL All other bones develop from connective tissue= INTRAMEMBRANOUS Osteoblast- cell that produces bone Osteoclasts- resorb bone

10. 4. Skeleton is divided into the Axial and Appendicular APPENDICULAR Pectoral Upper Limbs(arms) Pelvic Lower limbs( legs) AXIAL Skull (face & cranium) Vertebra Thoracic

11. 4. 14 Facial Bones of the SKULL 2 Maxillae 2 Palatal 2 Zygomatic 2 Lacrimal 2 Nasal 2 Inferior Nasal Conchae 1 vomer 1 Mandible

12. More on the Facial bones Maxillae- upper jaw Zygomatic- cheek Lacrimal- tear duct in corner of eye Nasal- bridge of nose where glasses sit Inferior conchae- spiral shaped inside nostrils Vomer- divides nostrils Mandible- lower jaw

13. Facial bone- Palatal Palatal- small L shaped bone behind the palatal process of the maxillae

14. 8 Cranial Bones of the Skull protect the brain 1 Frontal- forehead 2 Parietal- top of head 1 Occipital- base, where vertebae attach 2 Temporal- temples 1 Sphenoid- outside eye orbits 1 Ethmoid- inside eye orbits

15. Hyoid Bone The hyoid bone is a horseshoe shaped bone in the neck. It is the ONLY bone in the body that does not articulate with another bone! It anchors the tongue so that you can not swallow it and serves as an attachment site for muscles that make up the floor of the mouth. hyoid

16. The 5 Regions of the Vertebral Column Cervical- 7- neck area Thoracic- 12- chest area Lumbar- 5- small of back Sacrum- 5- hip area Coccyx- fused- tailbone Vertebra=spine Bones seperated by disks

17. Bones of the THORACIC Cage (CHEST) 12 pair of RIBS STERNUM The tip of the sternum is called the XYPHOID process- you will hear of this in CPR Thoracic bones protect the heart and lungs!

18. Name the 4 sections of the APPENDICULAR skeleton PECTORAL- shoulder UPPER LIMB- arms PELVIC- hip LOWER LIMB- legs Next, let’s look at the major bones in each of these sections of the appendicular skeleton

19. PECTORAL(shoulder) CLAVICAL- collarbone SCAPULA- shoulder blade

20. UPPER LIMB HUMEROUS- upper arm (funny bone) RADIUS- lower arm bone by on side by thumb ULNA- lower arm bone by little finger HAND carpal-wrist metacarpal-hand phalanges- fingers

21. PELVIC- hip 2 COXAL bones Connected in the middle by the SACRUM

22. LOWER LIMB- leg FEMUR- upper leg bone TIBIA- lower leg, shin, more anterior FIBULA- lower leg, thinner, more posterior FOOT TARSALS- ankle METATARSALS- foot PHALANGES- toes

23. 5. Name the 3 types of joints (ARTICULATIONS) Synarthrotic- no movement- skull sutures Amphiarthrotic- slight movement- ribs and vertebrae Diarthrotic/ Synovial- freely moving- mandible, knee, shoulder, hip, fingers

24. The end