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DISPERSIONS - I. Classification by Size True Solutions (“Molecular Dispersions”)  (molecules, ions) in gas, liquid (solutions )  < 1 nm, diffuse easily.

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Presentation on theme: "DISPERSIONS - I. Classification by Size True Solutions (“Molecular Dispersions”)  (molecules, ions) in gas, liquid (solutions )  < 1 nm, diffuse easily."— Presentation transcript:

1 DISPERSIONS - I

2 Classification by Size True Solutions (“Molecular Dispersions”)  (molecules, ions) in gas, liquid (solutions )  < 1 nm, diffuse easily Fine Dispersions (Colloidal Dispersions )  micelles, microemulsions, some suspensions (e.g. colloidal silver), “polymers”, smoke, films & foams  1 to 500 nm, diffuse slowly, separated by ultrafiltration Coarse Dispersions  most pharmaceutical suspensions and emulsions, dust, powder, cells, sands  >500 nm, do not diffuse, separated by filtration

3 Thermodynamic Classification Lyophilic colloids Lyophobic colloids

4 Lyophilic Colloidal Systems Dispersions that spontaneously form from macroscopic phases, and are thermodynamically stable with respect to both enlargement of particles through their aggregation and disintegration to individual molecules Property: equilibrium size distribution (do not change in time)

5 Formation of Lyophilic Colloids DispersionPhase Solution Increase in surface area (unfavorable) Increase in number of particles (favorable) Spontaneous dispersion condition:

6 Block Copolymer Micelle Pluronic

7 Microemulsions Water Pool Protein Surfactant Organic Solvent

8 Block Ionomer Complexes Kabanov et al. (1998) JACS 119 Vesicles Lamellas Poly(ethylene oxide) Poly(methacrylate anion)

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