1. Synapsids Anapsids Diapsids ? Lepidosaurs Archosaurs Fig 12-3

2. Birds Saurischian dinos “Lizard-hips” Ornithischian dinos “Bird-hips” Pterosaurs Crocs Who are they? Archosaur relationships Fig 16-2 Other saurischians

3. Crocodilians Slow, lethargic predators…

4. Right!

5. Monitor lizards use gular (throat) pumping Some other lizards just Stand up and run Breathing while running: solutions in lepidosaurs

6. Crocs ( and dinos?) muscles pulling liver backward and “rocking” pelvic bones

7. Secondary palate and palatal valve. Function? Adaptations: Tongue salt glands of crocs and gharials Pressure sensors

8. Nocturnal vision

9. Reproduction

10. “Hard pressed evolutionists: All this leaves the poor evolutionist in a difficult situation. Whatever arguments that could be fabricated to support one mode of sex determination disintegrates when one considers the other group. Could this whole sex-in-response-to- temperature thing have been designed by a Creator with a sense of humor? It seems to me this takes far less faith to accept than some yet-to-be-conceived alleged advantage of allowing temperature to determine sex one way in crocodilians and the opposite way in most, but not all turtles. It really is difficult remaining an evolutionist! I know, for I couldn't do so after looking objectively at the facts. Can you? Should you? “ E. Norbert Smith, Ph.D. Temperature Dependent Sex Determination TDS Higher temps = males in croc Higher temps = females in turtles

11. Beware the False Dichotomy of religion vs evolution How could phylogeny explain the difference between turtles and crocs? Would this predict they would be the same or different??

13. True flapping flight – but different from any other flier

14. Pterodactyl diversity

15. Dinosaurs Lizard –hippedvsBird-Hipped Bird

16. Birds are from Saurischians!!! Bird

17. Saurischian and Ornithischian are two alternate solutions to moving hind limb

18. Ornithischians

19. Saurischians Herbivorous Sauropods Carnivorous theropods

20. Archaeopteryx Bird

21. Note the intermediate condition Of this early bird