1. Action Potential Currents, gates, threshold events, propagation Synapse Pre and postsynaptic channel gating, vesicle release Postsynaptic Events Ionotropic and metabotropic systems, Second messenger systems, amplification Olfaction Anatomy, pathways, neurons in epithelium and bulb Transduction events Vision: Retina Receptive fields, pathways, ON and OFF layering, forms of retinal output Vision: Cortex Pathways, receptive field types, architecture, cortical module Audition Anatomy, cochlea dynamics, hair cells, transduction, pathways Muscle Structure, contractile mechanisms, reflexes Invertebrate Memory Habituation, sensitization, classical conditioning Vertebrate Memory LTD in cerebellum LTD and LTP in hippocampus

4. Nernst Relation E = 61.54 mV log10 [ion] out/ [ion]in Lets call it 60 mV

21. Light Interrupts Current Flow along Rod

29. Visual Cortex Anatomy and Pathways Physiology and Receptive Fields Architecture and Hierarchical Organization

30. Retinotopic Mapping

31. Layers in the Colliculus

32. Three Pathways to Cortex

33. Ocular Dominance Columns

40. Dorsal Root Ganglia

41. Somatosensory S1, areas 1, 2, 3a, 3b

42. Columnar Organization of S1

43. Somatic Mapping to Cortex

44. Missing Finger

46. Whiskers and Barrels

47. Muscle fibers, motor pools, innervations Muscle Fibers

48. The Motor Unit,

49. Ventral Spinal Roots Dorsal Root

50. Motor Neuron Pool

52. Inputs to Alpha Motor Neuron

53. Sarcolemma encases muscle fiber Sarcoplasmic reticulum stores Ca++ Sarcomere is the elementary motor unit Sarcolemma Sarcoplasmic ReticulumSarcomere

56. Neocortical Areas Premotor PMA Proximal Motor Units Supplementary SMA Distal Motor units From S 3,1 and 2 From MT What Actions Rehearse How Area 6: What actions are desired to How actions are carried out. Volition

57. Somatotopic Map of Precentral Gyrus

58. Motor Map Sensory Map

59. Cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus Loop Ventral Lateral Nucleus of the Thalamus Loop: Selection and Initiation of willed movements Cortex>Striatum>Globus Pallidus>VLo>Cortex

60. Cerebellum Motor Loop Planned, voluntary, multi-joint movement. Instructs the primary motor cortex about movement direction, timing, and force. Predictions about ballistic movements Compares what is intended with what happened to modify cerebellar circuits

61. Each Cell has a Unique Personality

63. Sensory-Motor Circuit

65. Dishabituation Circuit

66. Sensitization

67. Reduce K + Channels: Increase Time for Ca ++ Influx, Increased Transmitter Release More Transmitter Release Less Potassium Conductance Prolonged Action Potential

68. Coincident Inputs

69. Summary Learning and Memory can result from modifications of synaptic transmission (less Ca ++ conductance, less K + conductance) Synaptic modifications can be triggered by conversion of neural activity into intracellular messengers (cAMP, Ca ++ ) Memories can result from alterations of existing synaptic proteins (phosphorylation, protein synthesis)

70. Long Term Depression in Cerebellum Purkinje Cell Response To Parallel Fiber Stimulation Stimulate Parallel Fibers Stimulate Climbing Fibers Pairing Climbing fiber and Parallel fiber Stimulation