1. Chapter 3 Teaching with Instructional Software M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

2. 3.2 Technology Integration Example: The Alien Rescue ® Project Phase 1: Relative advantage Phase 2: Objectives and Assessments Phase 3: Integration Strategies Phase 4: Instructional Environment Phase 5: Evaluating and Revising M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

3. INSTRUCTIONAL SOFTWARE Programs developed specifically to deliver or assist with student instruction on a topic M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

4. 3.4 Instructional Software Classifications Drill and Practice –skill practice Tutorial –information delivery Simulation –demonstration –exploration Instructional Games – skill practice – exploration Problem Solving – skill practice – exploration M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

5. 3.5 Problem of Identifying Types of Software Today’s software packages Hard to classify Several different activities Overlap of functions in one package –Example: Reader Rabbit Drill activities Problem solving Games M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

6. 3.6 Programming Language as Instructional Software Educational Programming Languages –Instructional software –Tool software LOGO –Used to teach problem solving through programming M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

7. 3.7 Recent Trends in Software Design and Delivery Multimedia elements Online access and components Renewed emphasis on directed strategies and networked systems M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

8. 3.8 DRILL AND PRACTICE Types Flashcard activity Branching drill Extensive feedback activities Criteria for well- designed programs Control over presentation Appropriate feedback Answer reinforcement M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

9. 3.9 DRILL AND PRACTICE Benefits Immediate feedback Motivational Saves teacher time Limitations and problems Perceived misuses Criticism by constructivists M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

10. 3.10 DRILL AND PRACTICE Ways to use To supplement or replace worksheets To assist in preparing for objective tests Guidelines for use Set time limits Assign individually Use learning stations M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

11. 3.11 TUTORIALS Tutorial types Linear tutorials Branching tutorials Criteria for well- designed programs Extensive interactivity Thorough user control Appropriate pedagogy Adequate answer- judging and feedback Appropriate graphics Adequate record keeping M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

12. 3.12 TUTORIALS Benefits Immediate feedback Motivational Saves teacher time Limitations and problems Criticism by constructivists Hard to find Reflect only one instructional approach M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

13. 3.13 TUTORIALS Ways to use Self-paced reviews Alternative learning strategies When teachers are not available Guidelines for use Assign individually Use learning stations or individual checkout M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

14. 3.14 SIMULATIONS Types Physical Iterative Procedural Situational Criteria for well- designed programs System fidelity and accuracy Good documentation to explain system characteristics and uses M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

15. 3.15 SIMULATIONS Benefits Compress time Slow down processes Get students involved Make experimentation safe Make the impossible possible Save money and other resources Allow repetition with variations Allow observations of complex processes Limitations and problems Accuracy of models Misuse of simulations M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

16. 3.16 SIMULATIONS Ways to use simulations Lab experiments Replacement or supplement to role playing Replacement or supplement to field trips Introducing a new topic Fostering exploration Encouraging cooperation and group work M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

17. 3.17 INSTRUCTIONAL GAMES Game types Rules Elements of competition and challenge Amusing or entertaining formats Criteria for well- designed programs Appealing formats and activities Instructional value Physical dexterity is reasonable Minimum violence/aggression M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

18. 3.18 INSTRUCTIONAL GAMES Limitations and problems Learning versus having fun Confusion of game rules and real life rules Inefficient learning Benefits High interest Retention M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

19. 3.19 INSTRUCTIONAL GAMES Guidelines Use sparingly Involve all students Emphasize content area skills Ways to use In place of worksheets and exercises To foster cooperation and group work As a reward M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

20. 3.20 PROBLEM SOLVING Criteria for well- designed programs Challenging and interesting formats Clear links to developing specific problem-solving skills or abilities Problem solving types Specific to content area General content- free skills M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

21. 3.21 PROBLEM SOLVING Benefits Motivates students to solve problems and spend time on topic Keeps knowledge from becoming inert Limitations and problems Names versus skills Courseware claims versus effectiveness Possible negative effects of directed instruction Transfer M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

22. 3.22 PROBLEM SOLVING Ways to use Teach component skills in problem- solving strategies Provide support in solving problems Encourage group problem solving Characteristics Tools to help solve problems Environments that challenge students to create solutions Problems to help develop component problem-solving skills Opportunities for practice in solving content-area problems M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

23. 3.23 Integrated Learning System (ILS) Characteristics Instructional objectives Lessons integrated into standard curriculum Courseware Management system Criteria for well- designed ILS Good curriculum coverage Good pedagogical strategies Several different report formats Easy-to-read and interpret reports M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

24. 3.24 Integrated Learning System (ILS) Benefits Help provide supplemental educational services required by NCLB Act Benefits of drill, tutorials, simulations, instructional games, and problem solving—depending on selection Easier to access via network or online Personalized instruction Summary progress data Limitations and problems Costs Research on impact Concerns about the role of ILSs M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

25. 3.25 Integrated Learning Systems (ILS) Guidelines Cost of hardware and software resources Estimate educational benefits Obtain ILS updates from vendors Evaluate ILS for match with expectations Calculate personnel and fiscal impact Clear problem Closed or open system Match scope and sequence Match to target population Adequacy of reporting and management system M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

26. 3.26 Integrated Learning Systems (ILS) Ways to use Remediation Mainstream delivery system Resource-rich environments M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

27. Courseware Evaluation Online Resources SREB EvaluTech http://www.evalutech.sreb.org http://www.evalutech.sreb.org California Learning Resource Network http://www.clrn.org/home http://www.clrn.org/home SuperKids http://www.superkids.comhttp://www.superkids.com Education World http://www.educationworld.com http://www.educationworld.com M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

28. 3.28 Courseware Evaluation Recommended Sequence 1.Begin with an identified need 2.Locate titles 3.Complete hands-on reviews 4.Collect student reviews M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

29. 3.29 Courseware Evaluation Essential Questions Does it teach? Is the content accurate, current, and appropriate? Is it “user friendly”? Does it work correctly? M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

30. 3.30 Courseware Evaluation Essential Criteria Checklist, Figure 3.11 M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

31. 3.31 Courseware Evaluation Optional Criteria for Evaluating, Figure 3.12 M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.