1. Copyright 2005 Northrop Grumman Corporation 0 International Astronautical Federation Seminar on the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) and Global Change Dr. Alexis Livanos President, Northrop Grumman Space Technology June 17 th 2007 International Astronautical Federation Seminar on the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) and Global Change Dr. Alexis Livanos President, Northrop Grumman Space Technology June 17 th 2007

2. Copyright 2005 Northrop Grumman Corporation 1 1940s1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s Line of Sight Above the Horizon Earth Observation Surface 50 Years of Technological Advances Moved the Vantage Point from Local to Global

3. Copyright 2005 Northrop Grumman Corporation 2 Early meteorological data TIROS-1, 1960s DMSP 1960s - 2000s NOAA - POES 1980s-90s 1st multi-spectral remote sensing satellite ERTS-1 1972 Early Satellite Climatology

4. Copyright 2005 Northrop Grumman Corporation 3 State-of-the-Art Satellites Serve Many Global Missions France from EOS Aqua MODIS Polar Ice Cap Erosion OZONE Depletion Hurricane Tracking/Forecasting Cloud make up Ocean Health Real Time Global Weather

5. Copyright 2005 Northrop Grumman Corporation 4 Nations Worldwide are Building Earth Observing Systems 58 Systems 42 Systems 12 Systems 11 Systems 10 Systems 5 Systems Space-Based Earth Observation Systems

6. Copyright 2005 Northrop Grumman Corporation 5 Weather and Climate are Global Volcanoes effect vast regions Dry Saharan air caused mild 2006 hurricane season Merged Aqua / Metop data Dry Saharan air caused mild 2006 hurricane season Merged Aqua / Metop data MODIS Aqua 03 Mt. Etna Eruption, Sicily 2001 See the story at the following nasa web site http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect13/Sect13_4d.html Camera aboard ISS Summer 2001 GOME ERS-2 Summer 2001 ATRS ERS-2 Summer 2001 ATRS ERS-2 Summer 2001 NASA METOSAT Summer 2001 SIR-C Shuttle Radar 2001 Mt. Pinatubo POES 11 Summer 91

7. Copyright 2005 Northrop Grumman Corporation 6 Universal, Data Driven Methodology INPUTS Processing High Altitude Space Low Altitude Space Airborne Surface

8. Copyright 2005 Northrop Grumman Corporation 7 A Paradigm for the Future