2. Basic Components (see Media Workbook #26) 1. Reach, Frequency (and GRPs & GIs) & effective reach/frequency, if desired 2. Continuity (advertising timing pattern) 3. Specification of Targets (primary, secondary) 4. Special Geographic Emphasis (national vs. spot or national with regional/spot-heavy up) Also basic are: n Restrictions/Implications from Budget, Creative Strategy, Sales promotion Topic: Media Objectives

3. a.Specify reach and frequency, (and GRP) goals desired for each month or each flight or each quarter or overall campaign period on average Topic: Media Objectives Reach, Frequency (and GRPs, GIs) e.g., January: R = 80%, F = 5 Quarter 1: R = 80% F = 7 Overall campaign R = 70%+, F = 6

4. b.Example of Reach and Frequency Goals Topic: Media Objectives Reach, Frequency (and GRPs) 1.Achieve a minimum reach level of 80 with adults women aged 35-54 during the two introductory months 2.Maintain at least 50% reach in each advertising period and maximize when sales promotion runs (in February and October) 3.Maximize reach and frequency during sales peaks (September – November)

5. C.Definitions n % of different targets or households exposed to a vehicle or schedule at least once over a specified (typically 4-week in broadcast) period n average # of times the reached households or target are exposed to a schedule over a specified (typically 4-week in broadcast) period = Reach = Average Frequency Reach and Frequency Topic: Media Objectives Reach, Frequency (and GRPs & gis)

6. GRPs and GIs Both indicate gross delivery of (ad or vehicle) exposures n Gross Rating Points (GRPs) are expressed as a percent (of total population or) target population e.g., 240 million GIs  Gross Impressions (Gis) are expressed as an absolute number e.g., 2400 GRPs Topic: Media Objectives Reach, Frequency (and GRPs & gis)

7. C.Definitions n The number or a range of exposures required to produce a desired impact (e.g., sales, brand awareness, brand liking,..) -- 3+, 4+, 3-10, n Number or % or targets exposed the required number of times = Effective Frequency = Effective Reach Effective Reach and Frequency Topic: Media Objectives Reach, Frequency (and GRPs & gis)

8. Relationship among Reach, Frequency,GRPs,& GIs  GIs:  GRPs:  With reach and frequency goals set, you’d know how many GRPs should be bought. Reach (as number) X Average Frequency Reach (as percent) X Average Frequency Topic: Media Objectives Reach, Frequency (and GRPs & gis)

9.  Reach X Frequency = GRPs Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 80 60 80 50 6 7 5 8 Period Reach Frequency GRPs Example 1440 = 80 X 6 X 3 1260 = 60 X 7 X 3 1200 = 80 X 5 X 3 1200 = 50 X 8 X 3 Topic: Media Objectives Reach, Frequency (and GRPs & gis)

10. d.How to Set Reach and Frequency Goals -- The desired levels will depend on various situational factors Topic: Media Objectives Reach, Frequency (and GRPs & gis)  Reach Decided according to the awareness level (goal) set -- e.g., 2400 GRPs/80% reach  70% awareness? Set equal to or higher than the main competition

11. d.How to Set Reach and Frequency Goals -- The desired levels will depend on various situational factors Topic: Media Objectives Reach, Frequency (and GRPs & gis)  Reach Emphasized When anything new is introduced - new distribution, new product features, new ad copy, new sale promo, new packaging, new marketing/advertising objectives

12. d.How to Set Reach and Frequency Goals -- The desired levels will depend on various situational factors Topic: Media Objectives Reach, Frequency (and GRPs & gis)  Frequency Emphasized When the competition is intense The question is: how much frequency is necessary

13. d.How to Set Reach and Frequency Goals Topic: Media Objectives Reach, Frequency (and GRPs) Other Marketing Factors to Consider: Product Life Cycle, Breadth of Target, Purchasing Cycle, Budget

14. u For products in the introductory stage of product life cycle, __________ tends to be more important. F e.g. Toyota Matrix,  Product Life Cycle (PLC) Topic: Media Objectives Reach, Frequency (and GRPs) d. How to set reach & Frequency Goals Reach Frequency u For established products in later life cycle stages such as maturity stage __________ tends to be more important. F e.g. Tide, Pillsbury Cookie Dough, Coca Cola

15. u If target is broadly defined demographically or geographically, _________ would be more important.  Breadth of Target Market Reach Frequency u If target is narrowly defined, __________ would be more important. Topic: Media Objectives Reach, Frequency (and GRPs) d. How to set reach & Frequency Goals

16.  Purchasing Cycle (PC) u For products with short PC (e.g., ), _________ may be more important; For products with long PC (e.g., ), _________ may be more important. Reach Frequency Topic: Media Objectives Reach, Frequency (and GRPs) d. How to set reach & Frequency Goals

17.  R/F objectives must also give adequate consideration to: budget, promotional needs, stage of the campaign Topic: Media Objectives D. How to set reach & Frequency Goals

18. 2. Effective Reach/Frequency Topic: Media Objectives Effective Reach, Effective Frequency Effective Frequency: Effective Reach: Number or range of exposures required to achieve the desired goal (3+, 4+, 3-10??) Number or % of target exposed the required number of times

19. 2. Effective Reach/Frequency Topic: Media Objectives Effective Reach, Effective Frequency Joseph Ostrow’s Model (SB, pp. 249-252): Marketing Factors, Copy Factors, Media Factors May discard some of Ostrow’s categories and add your own categories (see GS #21, handout)

20. 3. Continuity a.Three Basic Continuity Strategies: Continuous: Flighting: Pulsing: advertising effort remains relatively constant throughout advertising effort varies over the campaign period, with some periods of time receiving no advertising ("HIATUS") advertising effort is notably varied with some advertising during every period Topic: Media Objectives Continuity

21. b. How to determine continuity strategy n Factors to consider u Seasonality of Sales u Purchase Cycle u Product Life Cycle u Budget u Others – Competition, Ad Goals, Topic: Media Objectives Continuity

22. n When Is Each Continuity Strategy Useful? Continuous: Flighting: Pulsing: Topic: Media Objectives Continuity Short PC, Mature PLC, Reminder Campaign Goals, Lack of Brand Loyalty, Media Discounts, Better Vehicle Choices & Ad Positions, Intense Competition, Seasonal Products or with Limited Budget, Long PC, Ability to Build Frequency/Familiarity for a Short Time, Introductory PLC Best, safest approach for products sold year round, those with distinctive seasonality of sales, Intense Competition,

23. n Other Consideration in Ad Scheduling u When sales are greatest or lowest u When competitors advertise Topic: Media Objectives Continuity

24. Example (Media Schedule): Media GoalsTime Period Reach Frequency GRPs 1. Jan / Feb 2. Mar / Apr 3. May 4. Jun / Jul / Aug 5. Sep / Oct / Nov 6. Dec 80% (Hi) 60% (Med) -- 50% (Med) 80% (Hi) -- 5 (Med) 7 (Med) -- 3 (Lo) 9 (Hi) -- 800 840 0 450 2160 0 Campaign Ave.= Total GRPs= 80 X 5 X 2 mo. 60 X 7 X 2 mo. -- 50 X 3 X 3 mo. 80 X 9 X 3 mo. -- Cal.(R X F X Months.) Topic: Media Objectives 4. Putting Basic Components Together (use MFP for your project)

25.  Do your decisions above reflect your planned objectives? (see previous examples of reach and frequency objectives) Topic: Media Objectives 4. Putting the Basic Components Together  What could be some of the reasons for the low reach/frequency goals in Period 4? How about “hiatus’ in May and December?

26. Discussion # 3 Topic: Media Objectives  Write the media objectives for the problem given in the handout (GS #26) and turn it in next week