1. Intensive-PBS: Implementing a System of Individual Student Support Chris Borgmeier, PhD Portland State University cborgmei@pdx.edu www.web.pdx.edu/~cborgmei/

2. Invest in Building a System of Individual Student Support Coach implementation of a system –Start with comprehensive vision of system & District/ ESD planning of resources & personnel Behavior Specialists, Data Systems, Building personnel –Train & Coach practices within a system Practices Data based decision making Meetings & teaming CICO or Targeted Interventions FBA/BSP Learn from our mistakes –Do NOT Train & Hope

3. First make sure teams are successful w/ Universal Systems of PBS Primary Prevention: Universal Systems to Support ALL Students

4. What can SPED Administrators Do? 1)Start developing a comprehensive district plan –Needs -- personnel & resources for successful implementation CICO Manager Data System District Behavior Specialist Building Behavior team members –Multi-year coordinated training effort (not piecemeal) 2)Build from the bottom up, begin with: a)Yellow zone efforts & b)Developing an Effective I-PBS Teaming Process

5. Universal Prevention Systems

6. Academic & Behavioral Systems 1-5% 5-10% 80-90% Designing School-Wide Systems for Student Success – Universal/Primary Prevention Primary Prevention: School/Classroom- Wide Systems for All Students, proactive, preventive Universal Screening/ Early ID of Students At-Risk Research Based Curriculum & Intervention for ALL Using Data to Match Student to Appropriate Level of Support Effective Teaming

7. Teaming Process School-wide PBS team Develops and facilitates implementation of the Research-Based Universal Intervention Monitors School-wide/systems data to a)monitor effectiveness of & b)plan ongoing support & development of the UNIVERSAL SYSTEM

8. Context for Individual Student Support

9. Intervention Model Maximizing & Balancing Efficiency & Productivity –Assessment Using assessments that directly inform intervention selection Start with less assessment & build to more as necessary –Limit individualized conversation until warranted by data –Intervention Start w/ group/targeted intervention (low cost/high efficiency) Move to individualized intervention when warranted by data –Team Process for Decision Making Establish processes & routines that: –maximize staff time and resources (student based v. building based teams) –Utilize meeting time effectively through guided discussions led by the ‘area intervention expert’ that identifies intervention options linked to assessment data collected previous to the meeting

10. Observations and add’l Observations Multi-Disciplinary Assessment & Analysis Formal FBA PBS Individual Student Support Universal School-Wide Assessment School-Wide Prevention Systems Intensive Targeted Referral Data & FACTS Simple Student Interventions Group Interventions Complex Individualized Interventions Team-Based Wraparound Interventions Intervention Assessment Simple FBA No Assessment Increasingly Intensive Assessment & Individualized Interventions Minimal Assessment & Targeted/Group Interventions

11. Student Requiring Additional Individualized Support For most students identified… –Start with Targeted Intervention (i.e. Check-In/Check- Out) –We want to do the smallest intervention that is likely to be effective for a student –There should be little time (0-2 minutes) spent on assessment & selecting initial Targeted Interventions –Questions? When should students be referred for Level 2 (CICO) support? Who should make referrals? How are referrals made? What intervention is available? How do we know if it is working or not? What if it’s not working?

12. Working Together SW-PBS team –universal screening & universal intervention Check In-Check Out Manager(s) –Manage CICO program –Initiate student referrals into CICO –Monitor CICO data & report to I-PBS team Intensive PBS (I-PBS) Team –Monitor students requiring Individualized Support (Yellow & Red Zone) –Monitor student progress data (CICO & Individual Intervention) & make decisions –Match students w/ appropriate interventions –Conduct Simple FBA when necessary –Assign case manager from I-PBS team to organize & lead team for students requiring Intensive Individual Support and FBA/BSP –FBA/BSP team Conduct formal FBA & develop BSP Support implementation of intervention Monitor student progress data & make decisions

13. Building/District Infrastructure Needs District w/ –Commitment to Intensive PBS –Ongoing training plan to implement I-PBS model –District Behavior Specialist w/: significant training & experience with FBA and Behavioral Intervention Opportunity to support teams on sight with systems implementation Building Team –Personnel in the school: w/ regular meeting schedule (at least every 2 wks) w/ FTE (10 hrs/ wk) to manage CICO program Team members with –training in Functional Behavioral Assessment & Function-Based Intervention –Time, opportunity & priority to carry out assessment & intervention responsibilities Effective Data systems for: –Early identification of at-risk students –Progress monitoring students following intervention

14. District Planning for Intensive PBS Roles & Responsibilities

15. Student Screening, Identification & Progress Monitoring I-PBS Team

16. Individual Student Coordinating Team School-wide PBS Team Focus on things that touch all students & all staff Effective for 80%+ of students Individual Student Intervention System What about the Non-responders? Brief ABC – Match to Available Intervention Student 1Student 2Student 3Student 4 Brief ABC – Individualized Intervention FBA/BSP FBA/BSP + District Support/Wraparound Check-In/Check-Out Manager

17. I-PBS Team (or whatever you want to call it) Develop an Efficient Teaming Process –Build on strengths of existing teams (but change will likely be required) Review data at least every 2 weeks to: –ID students in need of behavioral support –Monitor progress of students receiving support –Guide decisions regarding student intervention (RTI) –Monitor interventions, implementation & action items –Review effectiveness of each Targeted Interventions to determine overall effectiveness

18. I-PBS Team Members Administrator CICO Manager Persons w/ flexibility & Behavioral Training –SPSY, SPED, Counselor, etc. Persons w/ Behavioral Expertise will become case managers for Individuals requiring more intensive assessment & individualized intervention –Keep team small enough to remain efficient

19. Universal Screening - BEHAVIOR Requires a Data System that allows for early identification of at-risk students in need of behavior support Existing Data Systems –Office Discipline Referrals/Minor referrals –Data from students who received behavior support in previous year –Teacher/parent referral for support Who regularly monitors the Data to make referrals for individual support? –I-PBS team, SW PBS team, Administrator, CICO manager, etc. Develop Decision Rules/Guidelines for your Building i.e. Students receives 3 rd discipline referral OR 2 nd referral in a month Before the school year starts… look at data from last year and identify students with – 5 or more referrals, –Students who received or should have received behavior support last year

20. Previous Years Discipline data Who had FBA/BSP’s last year? Which students moved on? Which are returning this year? Who needs to be on our radar from Day 1? Decision Rule Can we get data for our incoming class & new students?

21. 13 students had 8+ referrals last year 5 moved on to HS & 2 moved out of school –6 are returning 11 students had 5 to 7 referrals last year 4 left for HS & 1 moved out of school –6 are returning Incoming students 1 with FBA/BSP –3 with 5+ referrals in elementary school

22. Continuous Student Identification Review student data every 2 weeks to identify students for Individual Student Supports –Review ODR data and teacher/parent referrals Set Decision Rules –i.e. Students receives 3 rd discipline referral OR 2 nd referral in a month

23. I-PBS Team Intensive-PBS Team Admin, SIC, Counselor, Reading Specialist a.Review Data & Make Decisions about: 1.Planning for Targeted/Group Interventions 2.Effectiveness of Targeted Interventions 3.Monitor data to ID students, monitor progress & match to Intervention 4.Conduct Brief ABC & Match to Targeted Intervention 5.Appoint Case Manager for Student team - Intensive Systems Practices

24. I-PBS Teaming Process Working Efficiently Identify students early for intervention based on school data & staff referral –Effective & accessible data systems required Oversee development & implementation of Targeted Interventions –Monitor effectiveness of Targeted & Intensive Intervention systems Match students to appropriate interventions based on data –Initially – student response to intervention based on progress monitoring data –For students not responding to intervention, match to intervention based on Simple FBA

25. Intensive PBS Yellow Zone Supports

26. 1-5% 5-10% Designing School-Wide Systems for Student Success – Secondary Prevention Research-Based Intervention Options (Group Based) Assessment-Based Intervention Selection Continuous Progress Monitoring of At-Risk Student Effective Teaming Secondary Prevention: Specialized Group Systems for Students At-Risk Data-Based Decision Making Ongoing ID of Student & Rapid Response Academic & Behavioral Systems

27. Targeted Intervention Usually start with CICO

28. Check-In/Check-Out Managers 10 hrs/wk recommended for CICO managers Oversee & organize CICO program and daily operation of CICO system Get referred students started with program –Students can be referred based on # of referrals –Students can be referred by teacher Monitor effectiveness of CICO system –Is CICO meeting the needs of a significant portion of at-risk students as a preliminary intervention Bring all CICO data to Intensive PBS Team For more Info on CICO -- see Crone, Horner & Hawken (2004). Responding to Problem Behavior in Schools: The Behavior Education Program

29. Level 2 – Check-In/Check-Out First level of Individual student intervention –Need for efficiency –System should be able to serve many students at one time –Limited # of minutes spent per student –No individualization of the intervention Reduce the number of students requiring more intensive intervention/assessment

30. Data Collection Focus on Efficiency Generic point card –Expectations linked to School-wide rules –Limited individualization –We do not want to spend time tailoring the point card at this level of intervention

31. Generic Point Card No time spent individualizing

32. Borderline Responders to CICO Keeping in mind need for efficiency Pre-determined “Small Tweaks” to CICO –Limit time spent individualizing and making changes 1)Change CICO mentor, 2)Change incentive, OR 3)Change expectations If still not responding in 2 weeks move to next level of support

33. Individualized Point Card Fill in more specific behaviors

34. Individualized Point Card

35. Not Responding to CICO? Add’l Targeted Interventions

36. Questions about Targeted Interventions What constitutes a Targeted Intervention or Available Program? –An existing intervention in a school that: Serves multiple students at one time Students can get started with almost immediately upon referral Requires almost no legwork from referring staff to begin implementation of the intervention with a student All school staff know about, understand their roll with, and know the referral process for –If program is not self-sufficient… and requires significant organization by referring staff… it’s not a targeted intervention

37. How many should we have? –To run systemic interventions or programs, school resources will only allow a school to have so many (likely 1-2 interventions in elementary schools & maybe 3-5 in MS at one time) –Be strategic in investing resources in targeted interventions that will meet a need for a number of students in your school –A few successful programs are better than many that never really operate successfully because limited resources don’t allow for it – or aren’t accessed because it is too much trouble for referring staff to get a student started with Questions about Targeted Interventions

38. What programs are research based? –Research based v. Assessment based –To select most appropriate targeted intervention for students use: existing data (referral data, academic records, etc.) student information That may provide preliminary information about function of student behavior Questions about Targeted Interventions

39. Simple FBA – Match to Available Intervention Student Non-responders to CICO Use data to identify next interventions –Look for trends or information to provide preliminary information about function of behavior Review: –student CICO data - ID routines/times of day in which student is having trouble –Discipline Referral data and –student information If this review does not provide sufficient information to inform intervention the next step may be to conduct a FACTS interview with the teacher who works w/ student during most challenging time

40. Matching Function with Available Programs Available Programs Gives Adult Attn Give Peer Attn Avoid Acad. Failure (Acad. Support) Avoid Social Failure (Soc’l Skill Support) Escape Aversive Activity/ Social/ Peer Teach Org’l/ Study Skills Give Cultural Support Office Helper XX Check n Connect X Peer Tutor XX Social Skills grp XXXX Homework Club XXX Conflict Managers XXX Latino cadre XXXX Robbie is avoiding failure with reading, He needs support w/ reading

41. Progress Monitoring Data used to monitor progress is increasingly individualized as student need is recognized to be increasingly intensive Start generic, broad & efficiently & get increasingly specific, and individualized CICO –Point Card – generic Targeted Intervention – Simple FBA –Point Card – generic to semi-individualized Intensive – FBA/BSP –Point Card – individualized &/or other forms of data collection methods

42. Intensive Individualized Support

43. 1-5% 5-10% 80-90% Designing School-Wide Systems for Student Success – Tertiary Systems Research-Based Intervention (Individualized) Focused Individualized Assessment Continuous Progress Monitoring of Intensive Student Effective Teaming & Resources for Individualized Intervention Assessment-Based, Data-Based Intervention Selection Tertiary Prevention: Intensive, Individualized, Assessment-Based Intervention Academic & Behavioral Systems

44. Student Team - Intensive For Students with INTENSIVE needs (red zone) we need: –Interventions individualized to the specific needs of the student –Expertise in the presenting area of concern Behavior Specialist for behavioral concerns Knowledge of Student Knowledge of Context –FBA to directly inform development of a Behavior Support Plan

45. Individual Student System Coordinating Team Intensive PBS Team Admin, SIC, Counselor, Reading Specialist a.Review Data & Make Decisions about: 1.Level of Intervention for Individual Students 2.Effectiveness of Interventions 3.Planning for Targeted/Group Interventions 4.Conduct Brief ABC & Match to Available Programs 5.Appoint Case Manager for Student team - Intensive Brief ABC – Match to Available Intervention Student 1 Student 2Student 3Student 4 Brief ABC – Individualized Intervention FBA/BSP FBA/BSP + District Support/Wraparound

46. Student Team - Intensive Once it’s clear a student required individualized support: –a team is built around the student that has Behavioral expertise Knowledge of the student Knowledge of the context –The team will continue to meet and collect increasingly specific assessment info. to guide intervention development and implementation to meet the complexity of the student’s needs Brief ABC & Individualized Intervention FBA/BSP FBA/BSP + District Support/ Wraparound

47. Student Team - Intensive We need to gain a deeper understanding & build consistently on information gained previously –Additional expertise for more challenging students should build on existing team i.e. district specialist, community/mental health supports, etc. Targeted Intervention Brief ABC & Individualized Intervention FBA/BSP FBA/BSP + District Support/ Wraparound

48. Individual Student Coordinating Team School-wide PBS Team Focus on things that touch all students & all staff Effective for 80%+ of students Individual Student Intervention System What about the Non-responders? Brief ABC – Match to Available Intervention Student 1Student 2Student 3Student 4 Brief ABC – Individualized Intervention FBA/BSP FBA/BSP + District Support/Wraparound Check-In/Check-Out Manager

49. Menlo Park Elementary David Douglas SD 2007-2008

50. Menlo Park Elementary Student Population –White/Caucasian58% –Hispanic17% –Black13% –Asian10% –American Indian3% 69% Free & Reduced Lunch 25% students in ESL program

51. Menlo Park Elementary Universal Screening & Student ID 477 total Students in Elementary Screening & Identification –Identified based on: Referral/Discipline data Teacher referral As of 3/5/08 –22 students (4.6%) have received some form of Behavioral Intervention –KUDOS to SW-PBS efforts!!!

52. Menlo Park CICO As of March 5 th 2008 –22 students (4.6%) have received some form of Behavioral Intervention CICO –20 of 22 identified students have participated in CICO so far this year 3 have left/moved out of the school 15/20 (75%) of students have been successful w/ CICO –6 Graduated – Alumni Club –3 Currently in Process of Fading Off –6 Currently Participating/Succeeding »1 student is receiving CICO + add’l intervention following Simple FBA –2 students are currently being referred for add’l support/ Simple FBA 6 of 15 students required a simple ‘tweak’ to CICO

53. Highest flyer from last year… started this year on CICO

54. Menlo Park Beyond CICO CICO + –Two students rec’d beh’l intervention in addition to CICO Jack – CICO + Simple FBA + classroom intervention = effective intervention for student (see graph) –2 students have responded successfully to Simple FBA & Intervention –1 student – Comprehensive FBA – ongoing challenges Ronald – CICO + Behavior Plan = effective intervention for student (see graph) –At last meeting, team ID’d two students who are not satisfactorily responding to CICO & are scheduling Simple FBA Interview for both of those students

55. Jack CICO CICO + Simple FBA & Classroom Writing Intervention

56. Ron (Sept – Dec) CICO CICO + Custodian helper & Title I rdg

57. Ron (Jan-March) CICO + Custodian helper & Title I rdg

58. Menlo Park FBA/BSP 2 students bypassed CICO & went straight to FBA/BSP William – Simple FBA = effective intervention Theo – Comprehensive FBA – ongoing challenges

59. MOST IMPORTANT!!! Local Infrastructure to Support School Systems for Individual Student Support

60. Building/District Infrastructure Needs District w/ –Commitment to Intensive PBS –District PBS team to plan IPBS system & implementation plan –Ongoing training plan to implement I-PBS model –District Behavior Specialist w/: significant training & experience with FBA and Behavioral Intervention Opportunity to support teams on-site with systems implementation Building Team –Personnel in the school: w/ regular meeting schedule (at least every 2 wks) w/ FTE (10 hrs/ wk) to manage data and CICO program (& other targeted interventions) Team members with –training in Functional Behavioral Assessment & Function-Based Intervention –Time, opportunity & priority to carry out assessment & intervention responsibilities Effective Data systems for: –Early identification of at-risk students –Progress monitoring students following intervention

61. District Planning for Intensive PBS Roles & Responsibilities

62. Resources & Personnel System of Individual Student Support District  Behavior Specialist –SW PBS Coach –Multi-year training commitment that includes regular on-site support to school teams to build capacity for school IPBS teams to develop & implement a system of individual student support Building –CICO Manager (10 hrs/ wk) –IPBS team that meets at least every 2 wks IPBS team –Admin + CICO Mgr + strategic Staff with behavioral expertise & flexibility (SPSY, Counselor, SPED?) –Efficient Data system

63. Behavior Specialist (District/ESD) Behavioral Expertise required –Background in Behavioral Theory, Function of Behavior & Consultation skills Adequate Time to carry out responsibilities required –Coaching teams with Yellow & Red Zone implementation – not just putting out fires (RED!!!)

64. Resources http://www.uoecs.org/Projects.aspx –Go to Intensive Positive Behavior Support Project www.web.pdx.edu/~cborgmei –Go to Recent Training Materials FBA/BSP