1. Terrill Thompson tft@uw.edu http://staff.washington.edu/tft @terrillthompson Making PDFs Accessible

2. An Informal Survey Google search: – “Purdue filetype:pdf site:purdue.edu” Randomly selected 20 PDFs Selected PDFs from different sub-domains

3. Results...

4. Results 17 of 20 (85%) are not tagged 3 of 20 (15%) are tagged 0 of 3 tagged PDFs is fully accessible Only 1 of 6 PDFs created with Adobe PDFMaker is tagged (accessibility is enabled by default in PDFMaker)

5. Maybe the glass is empty after all

6. Conclusion PDF Accessibility is a major problem It is not difficult to create a tagged PDF Therefore, the problem is likely caused by lack of awareness The problem could be addressed by: – Massive educational effort – Stronger policies

7. It is not difficult to create an accessible tagged PDF

8. What makes an electronic document accessible? Text alternatives for non-text content Information, structure, & relationships HTML, Word, & PDF all support these features

9. Adobe PDF Three general types: –Image –Image with embedded fonts –Tagged (optimized for accessibility)

10. To Create an Accessible PDF Use an authoring tool that supports: –Creating documents with headings & subheadings –Adding alt text to images –Exporting to tagged PDF Use these accessibility features anytime you create a document

11. In Word, Add Alt Text to Images

12. In Word, Use Heading Styles

13. Export to Tagged PDF Use “Save as…” > “PDF” –In Microsoft Word and PowerPoint 2010 (Windows only) –Beware the “Minimize Size” button Use Adobe PDFMaker plug-in –In Microsoft Word and PowerPoint prior to 2010 (Windows only) –Adds an Adobe menu & toolbar to Word –Installed automatically with Adobe Acrobat

14. Other Authoring Tools that support Tagged PDF Adobe InDesign Open Office LibreOffice Corel Word Perfect Lotus Symphony Maybe a few others: –http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/w3c-wai-gl/2011AprJun/0061.html

15. With Adobe Acrobat, you can make an accessible PDF from an inaccessible one

16. PDF Accessibility Repair (General) Workflow 1. Recognize text (if needed) 2. Tag document (if needed) 3. Touch up reading order, alt text, etc. 4. Touch up structure –especially, add or modify headings 5. Create links from URLs 6. Specify language 7. Do a full accessibility check

17. PDF Forms Use Adobe Acrobat Pro to add or edit forms interactivity Key accessibility goals: –Tab order is correct –All fields have labels (tooltips) –All checkboxes have tooltips that include the overall group prompt –All radio buttons have the same name, a tooltip for the full set of buttons, and a meaningful button value for each option –Colors are used to provide clear visual indication of focus Markup the form fields first. Then add tags.

18. Adobe LiveCycle Designer Build forms from scratch Key accessibility goals are the same as with any PDF forms Start with a blank document (don’t use a template – they’re not accessible) Careful: Tags can’t be edited later with Acrobat Pro!

19. Where to Learn More Adobe Accessibility –http://adobe.com/accessibilityhttp://adobe.com/accessibility WebAIM on PDF Accessibility –http://www.webaim.org/techniques/acrobat/http://www.webaim.org/techniques/acrobat/ California State University PDF Tutorials – http://tinyurl.com/y2dnyl2http://tinyurl.com/y2dnyl2 Karen McCall’s book –http://www.karlencommunications.com/products. htmhttp://www.karlencommunications.com/products. htm WebAIM Discussion List – http://webaim.org/discussion/ http://webaim.org/discussion/