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Reproductive System Male Reproductive System (1) Main Sex Glands : Testes (2) – oval shaped Testes (2) – oval shaped Functions : Functions : a. produce sex cells – sperms from seminiferous tubule sperms from seminiferous tubule (live for 3~5 days). (live for 3~5 days). b. produce sex hormones – testosterone from interstitial cells. testosterone from interstitial cells. Anterior pituitary gland regulates interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH), and this hormone regulates testosterone.
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(2) Ducts: form sperm route from testes out of the body. Sperm route: sperm made in semiferous tubules epididymis vas deferens ejaculatory duct urethra out of the body. vas deferens ejaculatory duct urethra out of the body. (Vasectomy --- cutting and tying vas deferens sterilization method.) (3) Accessary sex gland: seminal vesicle, bulbourethral gland, prostate gland. Function: produce alkaline secretion --- part of semen. Each ejaculation contains 3~5 mls, with 107~108 sperms. (4) External genitals: scrotum, penis. (circumcision) cutting the fore skin.
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Reproductive System Female Reproductive System (1) Main Sex Glands : Ovary (2) – oval shaped Functions : a. produce ova (egg, 15~24 hours) – from graafian follicles, total are 4 x 10 5 cells. from graafian follicles, total are 4 x 10 5 cells. Ova are in the female body since at birth. Ova are in the female body since at birth. After the female reach to puberty, at a After the female reach to puberty, at a period of time (~28 days), usually one period of time (~28 days), usually one matured egg is released. matured egg is released. b. produce sex hormones – estrogen, progesterone.
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(2) Ducts: uterine tube (fallopian tubes), uterus, vagina. After ovulation, egg finds its way into one of the uterine tube, this is where the fertilization take place. Uterus --- Function: a. menstruation a. menstruation b. pregnancy b. pregnancy c. labor c. labor Vagina --- Function: a. sperm entry a. sperm entry b. baby emerges b. baby emerges (3) Accessary gland: Bartholine glands --- secrete lubricating fluid. (4) External genitals: vulva
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MENSTRUAL CYCLE What cause menstruation – a sudden sharp drop in estrogen and progesterone MENSTRUAL CYCLE What cause menstruation – a sudden sharp drop in estrogen and progesterone MEANS Surface of endometrum Shed; bleeding (1~5 days) POST MENSE PHASE Repair of endometrium (6~13 days) OVULATION (14 days) PREMENSE PHASE Thickening of the endometrium; blood supply (15~28 days)
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Anterior pituiary gland (APG) Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Follicle Growth Estrogen increase APG Leuteinizing Hormone Leuteinization Estrogen and progesterone reach high level in blood Ovulation
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases Syphilis: Baterial infection – Antibiotics Syphilis: Baterial infection – Antibiotics Gonorrhea: Baterial infection – Antibiotics Gonorrhea: Baterial infection – Antibiotics Chlamydia: Baterial infection – Antibiotics Chlamydia: Baterial infection – Antibiotics Genital Warts: Viral infection Genital Warts: Viral infection Genital Herpes: Viral infection Genital Herpes: Viral infection HIV: Viral infection – AZT and cocktail treatment HIV: Viral infection – AZT and cocktail treatment
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Birth Control Methods Contraception 1. The rhythm method, detect ovulation (drop temperature) 2. Condom (rubber sheath) 3. Diaphragm 4. Intrauterine device (IUD) Sterilization 1. Vasectomy 2. Tubal ligation
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From Fertilization to Birth Sperm ejaculation 30 mins Uterine tube 1 sperm and 1 egg (3~5 days before ovulation and 15~24 hours after ovulation) Zygote 3~4 days cell cleavage Travel to uterus Solid clusters of cells Blastocyst Blastocyst surface cells – have sticky surface for implantation surface cells – have sticky surface for implantation inner cells – give rise to 3 layers endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm inner cells – give rise to 3 layers endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm
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Surface cells secret enzyme (digest some of the utering lining) 5~6 days Burrow inside, two membrane formed: Inner aminio fluid Inner aminio fluid chorion – extension and fuse with uterus chorion – extension and fuse with uterusPlacenta Differentiation begins: Endoderm – respiration, digestion Mesoderm – circulation, muscular, skeleton Ectoderm – skin, nerve system
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