1. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-1 111 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. FWL 1.0—2-2 Module 2 IEEE 802.11 and Network Interface Cards

3. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-3 Learning Objectives Identify the IEEE 802. standards. Identify the IEEE 802.11 standards. Understand the MAC and PHY layers of 802.11 Identify which client operating systems are supported. Determine the status of a client card by observing the indicator lights. Install and configure a Cisco Aironet PC Card.

4. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-4 Overview This chapter will cover the IEEE 802.11 WLAN (WLAN) standards in detail, including data link and physical layer specifications. Throughout this module and this course, the terms IEEE and 802 are used often. This module provides a short overview of IEEE and the 802 committee. The MAC and physical layer services that have been standardized will be discussed. Finally, client adapters, driver types, and client support will also be discussed.

5. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-5 Key terms IEEE MAC PHY NIC STA MSDU PLCP PMD BSS

6. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-6 802.11 Standards

7. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-7 IEEE 802.11 Standards Activities 802.11a:5GHz, 54Mbps 802.11b:2.4GHz, 11Mbps 802.11d:Multiple regulatory domains 802.11e:Quality of Service (QoS) 802.11f:Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP) 802.11g:2.4GHz, 54Mbps 802.11h:Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) and Transmit Power Control (TPC) 802.11i:Security 802.11j:Japan 5GHz Channels (4.9-5.1 GHz) 802.11k:Measurement 802.11m:Maintenance 802.11n:High-Speed

8. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-8 802.11a / 5 GHz Band Data rates supported: 54, 48, 36, 24, 12, and 6 Mbps Client will automatically “downshift” to lower data rate when it gets further from AP 23 Countries have approved the use of 802.11a products: U.S.AustraliaAustriaDenmarkFranceSwedenNew Zealand IrelandJapanSingapore TaiwanArgentina U.K.GermanyNorwayPortugalCanadaBelgiumNetherlands FinlandPolandSwitzerlandMexico 802.11h will ultimately permit worldwide usage of WLANs @ 5 GHz Transmit Power Control (TPC) Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) 5.470-5.725 GHz band being opened up (11 more channels) This new 5.47-5.725 GHz band, plus 5.25-5.35 GHz UNII-2 band, will require DFS Current UNII-2 products in the market will likely be grandfathered (i.e. no DFS) 5 GHz band has more channels than 2.4 GHz band UNII-1 + UNII-2 = 8 channels (plus 11 future channels) vs. 3 channels for 2.4 GHz However, depending on distance between AP’s, you may only be able to use half of the 5 GHz channels due to adjacent channel interference 5 GHz band subject to less interference than 2.4 GHz band However, 2.4 GHz interference not a major problem in most business environments

9. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-9 Three Wireless Technologies The Laws of Radio Dynamics: Higher Data Rates = Shorter Transmission Range Higher Power Output = Increased Range, but Lower Battery Life Higher Frequency Radios = Higher Data Rates Shorter Ranges 802.11b 802.11a 802.11g 2.4 GHz5 GHz2.4 GHz WorldwideUS/APWorldwide 11 Mbps54 Mbps Frequency Band Availability Maximum Data rate Other Services (Interference) Cordless Phones Microwave Ovens Wireless Video Bluetooth Devices HyperLAN Devices

10. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-10 IEEE 802.11 Standard IEEE 802.11 became a standard in July 1997 2.4 GHz at 2 Mbps Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) IEEE 802.11a and 802.11b became standards in September 1999 802.11a – 5 GHz at 54 Mbps OFDM 802.11b – 2.4 GHz at 11 Mbps DSSS IEEE 802.11g is scheduled to be ratified in 2003 802.11g – 2.4 GHz at 54 Mbps OFDM 802.11 promises “true” vendor interoperability

11. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-11 Standards and Organizations

12. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-12 WLAN Speeds & Frequencies 802.11g 2.4 GHz – OFDM/CCK 54 Mbps Proprietary  IEEE 802.11a/b Ratified 802.11a 5 GHz – OFDM 54 Mbps 802.11b 2.4 GHz – CCK 11 Mbps Jan’99 Jan’00Jan’01Jan’02Jan’03 Jan’04

13. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-13 What Is WLAN RF Technology? Data sent over the air waves Two-way radio communications (half duplex) Same radio frequency for sending & receiving (transceiver) No licensing required for Cisco Aironet Wireless products (in most countries)

14. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-14 IEEE 802. Standards

15. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-15 802.11 Architecture

16. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-16 802.11 Physical (PHY) Layer Modulations

17. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-17 Stations (STA)

18. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-18 PHY Protocols

19. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-19 Basic Service Set (BSS)

20. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-20 Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS)

21. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-21 Extended Service Set (ESS) and Distributed System (DS)

22. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-22 MAC Layer

23. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-23 MAC Services

24. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-24 MAC Architecture

25. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-25 CSMA

26. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-26 Interframe Spaces

27. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-27 PHY Layer

28. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-28 PHY Functions

29. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-29 802.11b

30. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-30 2.4 GHz Channel Sets Americas Europe, Middle East and Asia 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Center Frequency 2412 MHz 2417 MHz 2422 MHz 2427 MHz 2432 MHz 2437 MHz 2442 MHz 2447 MHz 2452 MHz 2457 MHz 2462 MHz 2467 MHz 2472 MHz 2484 MHz 2412 MHz 2417 MHz 2422 MHz 2427 MHz 2432 MHz 2437 MHz 2442 MHz 2447 MHz 2452 MHz 2457 MHz 2462 MHz 2467 MHz 2472 MHz 2484 MHz Japan Israel XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX Regulatory Domain Channel Identifier

31. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-31 Channels- 2.4 GHz DSSS 11 “chips per bit” means each bit sent redundantly 11 Mbps data rate 3 access points can occupy same area 11 Channels – each channel 22 MHz wide 1 set of 3 non-overlapping channels 14 Channels – each channel 22 MHz wide 4 sets of 3 non-overlapping channels, only one set used at a time

32. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-32 802.11b Access Point Coverage 1 Mbps DSSS 5.5 Mbps DSSS 11 Mbps DSSS 2 Mbps DSSS

33. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-33 802.11b Scalability Blue = 11 Mbps Green = 11 Mbps Red = 11 Mbps Total Theoretical Bandwidth = 33 Mbps

34. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-34 Comparing the Technologies 802.11a Data Rates Modulation with Sub Channels BPSK Data Rate Per Subchannel (Kbps) BPSK QPSK 125 187.5 250 QPSK 375 Total Data Rate (Mbps) 6 6 9 9 12 18 16QAM 64QAM 500 750 1000 64QAM 1125 24 36 48 54

35. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-35 802.11a Channel Sets Americas include: Argentina Australia Austria Brazil Canada Chile Columbia Denmark France Mexico New Zealand Panama Peru Sweden United Kingdom United States Venezuela

36. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-36 802.11a Access Point Coverage OFDM 54 Mbps 48 Mbps 36 Mbps 24 Mbps 18 Mbps 12 Mbps 09 Mbps 06 Mbps

37. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-37 802.11a Scalability (Indoor UNII-1 and 2) 54 Mbps Total Theoretical Bandwidth = 432 Mbps 8 non-overlapping channels 54 Mbps

38. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-38 Client Adapters

39. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-39 Cisco Aironet 802.11b Client Adapters 2.4 GHz 802.11b 11 Mbps Include PC Card PCI Card LMC Card Mini PCI

40. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-40 802.11b PC Card 2.4 GHz/802.11b 11 Mbps Rate Shifting 1, 2, 5.5, and 11Mbps Fixed data rates User configurable option Integrated Antenna PCMCIA interface Transmit power settings: 100 mW, 50 mW, 30 mW, 20 mW, 10 mW, 5 mW, and 1 mW

41. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-41 802.11b LMC Card 2.4 GHz/802.11b 11 Mbps Rate Shifting 1, 2, 5.5, and 11Mbps Fixed data rates User configurable option PCMCIA interface Transmit power settings: 100 mW, 50 mW, 30 mW, 20 mW, 10 mW, 5 mW, and 1 mW

42. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-42 802.11b PCI Card 2.4 GHz/802.11b 11 Mbps Rate Shifting 1, 2, 5.5, and 11Mbps Fixed data rates User configurable option RP-TNC Connector PCMCIA interface Transmit power settings: 100 mW, 50 mW, 30 mW, 20 mW, 10 mW, 5 mW, and 1 mW

43. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-43 802.11b Mini PCI Adapter 2.4 GHz/802.11b embedded wireless for notebooks 100 mW transmit power Must order through PC manufactures (not orderable directly through Cisco)

44. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-44 802.11a CardBus2 Client Adapter 5 GHz/802.11a 54 Mbps Rate Shifting 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, or 54 Fixed data rates User configurable option 5 dBi Patch Antenna CardBus interface Transmit power settings: 20 mW, 10 mW, and 5 mW

45. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-45 PC Card LEDs Dual LED helps identify the card status Green LED is the Status LED Orange LED is the RF traffic LED

46. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-46 LED Status

47. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-47 Windows Drivers

48. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-48 Linux and Macintosh Drivers

49. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-49 Downloading Drivers and Software

50. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-50 Ad-Hoc

51. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-51 Infrastructure

52. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-52 Aironet Client Utility: Main Screen

53. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-53 Aironet Client Utility: Loading Firmware

54. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-54 Aironet Client Utility: Profile Manager

55. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-55 Aironet Client Utility: Adding a Profile

56. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-56 Profile: System Parameters

57. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-57 Profile: RF Network

58. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-58 Profile: RF Network

59. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-59 Profile: Advanced (Infrastructure)

60. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-60 Profile: Advanced (Ad Hoc)

61. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-61 Profile: Network Security

62. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-62 Aironet Client Utility: Status

63. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-63 Aironet Client Utility: Statistics

64. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-64 Aironet Client Utility: Link Test

65. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-65 Aironet Client Utility: Site Survey

66. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-66 Link Status Meter

67. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-67 Installing the Client Adapter Insert the adapter card into the PCMCIA slot in the PC

68. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-68 Task 4: ACU Install and Setup From the UTILS folder on the driver CD, run SETUP SETUP

69. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-69 Task 4: ACU Install and Setup (cont.)

70. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-70 Task 4: ACU Install and Setup (cont.)

71. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-71 Task 4: ACU Install and Setup (cont.)

72. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-72 Task 4: ACU Install and Setup (cont.)

73. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-73 Task 4: ACU Install and Setup (cont.) Aironet Client Utility (ACU)

74. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-74 Task 4: ACU Install and Setup (cont.) Step 12 Step 13 Step 14

75. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-75 Task 4: ACU Install and Setup (cont.) Step 16 Step 17

76. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—2-76 Summary Identify characteristics of Cisco Aironet 802.11a products. Identify characteristics of Cisco Aironet 802.11b products.

77. 77 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.