1. Citric Acid Cycle (C.A.C.)

4. Mitochondrial Structure (cont.)

9. TCA Cycle

10. C C O-O- Step 1 C O O-O- C O O Oxaloacetate OH C || O SCoA C O-O- C O C O-O- C O C O-O- C O Co - ASH Citrate Synthase Citrate (3° Alcohol) CH 3

11. Step 2 & 3 HO C O-O- C O C O-O- C O C O-O- C O H H2OH2O C O-O- C O C O-O- C O C O-O- C O C O-O- C O C O-O- C O C O-O- C O H Citrate Aconitase AconitateIsocitrate (2° alcohol)

12. Step 4 C O-O- C O C O-O- C O C O-O- C O HO H C O-O- C O C O-O- C O C O-O- C O O NAD + NADH + H + Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Isocitrate Oxalosuccinate CONT. NEXT SLIDE

13. C O-O- C O C C O-O- C O O CO 2  - keto glutarate Classic biological redox Rx. 2° alcohol oxidized to a keto NAD + reduced. Carboxylic acids that are  to a keto group spontaneously decarboxylate. Step 5

14. Step 6 C O-O- C O C C O-O- C O O  - keto glutarate NAD + NADH + H + CoASH CO 2 C O-O- C O C C S O CoA Succinate Co-A PGTP = 8 Kcal/m  - keto dehydrogenase CONT. NEXT SLIDE

15. CoASH H2OH2O GDP GTP ATP ADP C O-O- C O C C O-O- O Succinate Succinate Synthetase Step 7

16. C O - C O Succinate H H FADFADH 2 S.D.H Malate HOH Fumarate C H H C O O - C C O H C H C O C C O H HO C H H C O O - NAD + NAOD + H + C O - C O O C C O O.A.A Fumarase M.D.H Trans Dehydrogenation 2° Alcohol Oxidized to keto NADH + Step 8, 9, 10

17. Cytosolic NADH + H + Inner mitochondrial membrane 71% protein Shuttle Systems 1. Glycerol Phosphate - Fast Twitch - (Type II) Results in FADH 2 in matrix 2. Malate - Heart, liver, slow twitch Results in NADH + H + in matrix