1. International Production and Markets for Tilapia Kevin Fitzsimmons University of Arizona American Tilapia Association Salvador, BRAZIL May 20, 2003

2. Introduction F Review worldwide tilapia trade F Suppliers and consumers in the Americas F Opportunities to expand markets

3. Tilapia trade F Currently third in volume to carps & salmonids F Prediction: Tilapia will become most important aquaculture crop in this century F Widest demand, no religious/cultural concerns, few environmental concerns F More genetic potential F Greatest variety of production systems

4. Established market demand F Accepted in many national dishes F Popular in many forms (live, whole, fillets, fresh and frozen, smoked, sashimi, fried skins)

5. Ponds and cages

6. Intensive tank culture Tanks in Arizona Tanks in California

7. Raceway Systems Intensive raceways Extensive raceways

8. Intensive farms in buildings in cool climates

9. Intensive farms with recirculation in greenhouses

10. Integrated with crop irrigation

11. Genetic improvements in tilapia (From: Mair, G., 2002)

12. International Research ISTA (next in Manila, Philippines, Sept 2004) F International Symposia on Tilapia in Aquaculture

14. Major Tilapia Producers (for year 2002) F China - 706,000 metric tons / year F Mexico - 102,000 mt / year F Thailand - 100,000 mt / year F Philippines - 92,284 mt / year F Taiwan Province - 85,000 mt / year F Brazil - 75,000 mt / year F Indonesia - 50,000 mt / year

15. Global Tilapia Sales (farmgate) F For year 2000 F US $ 1,706,538,200 (FAO Fisheries Circular No. 886)

16. Tilapia production in the Americas

17. Production of Tilapia in the Americas 2002 (by volume)

18. US Tilapia consumption - 2002 ( 133,140 mt of live weight)

20. US. Tilapia imports 1993-2002

21. $ 174,215,165 ( 2002)

22. F 2003 Imports should be > $224,000,000 $56,083,527 imports Jan-Mar 2003

23. F $705,000,000 imports in last 10 years F 2003 Imports should be > $224,000,000 F US production of $30,000,000 at farm F 1994 - 2003 US tilapia sales (imports and domestic) exceed one billion $$$ F 2003 sales will be $250,000,000 US Consumption of tilapia

24. Typical prices for Tilapia products sold in the U.S. (May 2003.)

25. Mexico - 102,000 mt Tilapia-shrimp farm in Sonora Pond Tilapia farm in Tamaulipas

26. Markets in Mexico F Strong domestic markets; on ice, fillets in grocery stores F All domestic consumption - Will eventually develop export markets. Raceway system, Tamaulipas

27. Brazil - 75,000 mt

28. Tilapia production & Markets in Brasil F Production in Southeast and Northeast F Red tilapia in Southeast for fee-fishing and food F Cage farms allowed in NE reservoirs. F Tilapia leather industry F Jump in interest with ISTA 5 in Rio. F Developing export markets.

29. Tilapia production in Ecuador F Replacing shrimp because of white spot and other shrimp diseases F Using shrimp infrastructure F Exporting to US and EU F Benefits to shrimp culture with polyculture

30. Tilapia production in Ecuador and shrimp viral infections IHHN Taura White Spot

31. Red strains of tilapia most popular for brackish polyculture systems

32. Tilapia production in outside ponds with shrimp in covered ponds

33. Costa Rica - 15,000 mt Acuacorporacion ponds in Cañas, Costa Rica

34. Jamaica - 5,200 mt Tilapia production 1980-2001

35. USA 9,000 mt F Production in many states F Mostly intensive systems, many recirculating F Sales to ethnic markets as live fish, high value

36. Expanding markets F Quality control and assurance F Advertising F Product placement F Endorsements F New recipes and product forms

37. Quality control and assurance F National standards F HACCP (Hazard Analysis at Critical Control Points) F Industry standards F Buyer standards F Other (NGO’s)

38. Advertising

39. Direct retail sales

40. www.tilapia.org

41. Product placement F “Saving Faith” F Murder mystery F Detective fixes elegant tilapia dinner to seduce the beautiful blonde.

42. F Dear Kevin, F I recently began using farm raised Tilapia fillets. I buy these in individual vacuum sealed packages in one pound bags at Wal-Mart. My husband has diabetes and we both are very weight conscious. This fish is the perfect food item for us, I love the way it is packaged, just use what I need for one meal. It is reasonably priced, always available in the market and consistently high quality. F I LOVE THE PRODUCT!!!! F Marian Birnie Aug. 12, 2001 Endorsements

43. New recipes

45. Sashimi

46. Fried tilapia skins

47. International/US Supply and Demand TRENDS F Supply of fillets primarily from China, Southeast Asia, Ecuador and Central America. F Demand for live fish needs to expand beyond Asian markets F With rapid increases in supply, demand must increase at least as fast to support price.

48. Major Tilapia Producers in International Trade F China - whole frozen, IQF fillets F Ecuador - fresh fillets F Taiwan - whole, IQF, sashimi F South & Central America - fresh fillets F Indonesia - IQF fillets F Thailand - IQF fillets

49. Current International Market Trends F Increase in demand for all forms of tilapia F Demand increase will be greatest for fresh fillets F Prices have been constant for several years and will remain stable, will not increase with inflation.

50. Changes and Predictions F Further intensification in virtually every country

51. Changes and Predictions F US production will increase slowly, intensifying current production methods

52. Changes and Predictions F Production will be 75% Oreochromis niloticus, 20% Red strains, O. aureus and O. mossambicus mostly for hybridization

53. Changes and Predictions F Production will be 50% intensive ponds, 30% cages, 10% intensive recirculating and tank systems, 10 % other

54. Changes and Predictions F Leather goods from skin will become a significant contributor to profitability

55. Changes and Predictions F Processing and "value-adding" will intensify in producing countries

56. Changes and Predictions F Polyculture with shrimp will become common in most shrimp farming areas (already practiced in Thailand, Philippines, Mexico, US, Ecuador, Peru, Eritrea)

57. Tilapia - shrimp polyculture

58. Floating cage Hapa (net pen)

59. Changes and Predictions F World tilapia production (1,265,780 mt in 2000, FAO) will reach 1,500,000 mt in 2003 and 2,000,000 mt by 2010 F 2003 sales over $2 billion F 2010 sales over $4 billion

60. Thank you!! F Questions? F ¿Preguntas?

61. Carbon monoxide F Most plants appear to use carbon monoxide F Some gas in chambers others infuse in bags before freezing

62. Estimated cost of production F China - $0.70/kg F Philippines, Indonesia - $0.80/kg F Brazil, Ecuador, Thailand - $0.85/kg F Honduras, Costa Rica - $0.90/kg F Mexico - $1.00/kg F Taiwan Province - $1.05/kg F US - $2.00/kg F Canada - $2.10/kg