1. 802.11b Vulnerabilities, Ad-Hoc Mode, RF Jamming and Receiver Design Ritesh H Shukla Graduate Student ECE Dept Under the Guidance of Prof. William R Michalson

2. 802.11 Overview What is 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g Defines the MAC layer and physical layer for wireless data communication between mobile stations in a wireless local area network. 802.11b finalized in 1999 and is the most successful of all wireless LANs. 802.11a and 802.11b provide higher data rate. 802.11g products launched only a few months ago. Three physical layers specified(802.11): Infrared Frequency hopping spread spectrum Direct sequence spread spectrum 802.11, 802.11b and 802.11 g operate around 2 GHz frequency 802.11a operates around 5GHz frequency. CSMA-CA ( Carrier Sense Multiple Access - Collision Avoidance)

3. Ad-Hoc Mode Vs Infrastructure Mode The Independent base station mode has no central access point. Only Single hopping of data All nodes talk to one central access point Mobility limited to area covered by the access point

4. 802.11 Neither Secure nor Robust Protocol designed to be a commodity which is commercially successful. List of different Attacks MANAGEMENT FRAMES ARE NOT AUTHENTICATED! Denial of Service Flooding (CSMA/CA) De-authentication RF interference based attacks Insertion Attack Insertion Attack Man In the Middle Attacks Insert a New Access Point in the network Route all traffic through your node Encryption attack Collecting data and decrypting the information contained, made possible due to the weakness in the WEP Encryption specified in 802.11.

5. Primary Privacy Issue Medium Accessible to All “Sniffing”Protection? The only protection against “sniffing” is an optional encryption of data called WEP (wired equivalent privacy). But the protocol is flawed and data can be decrypted. The weakness is well documented and has been published for every one to read. Decrypted Date Hacking Tools on a PDA

6. Jamming Physical Layer Communication Step 1:Jammer senses the network and waits. Step 2:Jammer’s synchronized receiver transmits fake data for a small time duration Result expected: The frame appears corrupted at the receiver (CRC Check fails) The Jammer is stealthy. Node B Node A Jammer

7. Receiver Design Receiver design and performance can play an important role in hidden node problem. The requirements on the jammer to have a high probability of success depends on the overall noise rejection of the receiver and its behavior in the presence of a signal spread using the same spreading sequence.

8. Down conversion to Base band Target Receiver Design A Zero IF receiver with two stages of down conversion is being simulated based on the Intersil’s Prism™ wireless lan solution for 802.11x

9. Conclusion 802.11 wireless is a highly successful protocol, which is not designed to be robust or secure. Ad-Hoc mode possible with only a single hop of data. Knowledge of spreading sequence could make jamming present wireless networks easy and the source of jamming difficult to detect. Understanding of the behavior of wireless receivers under the proposed jamming technique requires comprehensive simulation and actual testing of the results.