1. Project: Anomalous Dispersion John H. Cushman 1, Natalie Kleinfelter 1, Monica Moroni 2 1 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and Department of Mathematics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (e-mail: jcushman@purdue.edu) 2 Department of Hydraulics, Transportations and Roads, University of Rome “La Sapienza” – via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome (Italy) (e-mail: monica.moroni@uniroma1.it)jcushman@purdue.edu

2. “Ingredients” for image analysis The fluid under investigation and the test section have to be transparent: mono-phase and multi-phase systems The fluid has to be seeded with tracer particles with the following features: same density as water and highly reflecting One or more cameras, a high power light source, an acquisition and digitalization system and image analysis system are required

3. Applications Fully developed turbulent channel Porous media Convective boundary layer Subduction Multi-dune channel Bacteria motion Ventricular flow

4. Turbulent channel flow (d= 2 cm, x/d = 80, z/d = 10) The experimental set-up Tracers (  p /  f = 1.06, d P = 40 mm)

5. Fully developed turbulent channel

7. Applications Fully developed turbulent channel Porous media Convective boundary layer Subduction Multi-dune channel Bacteria motion Ventricular flow

8. Porous media

10. Applications Fully developed turbulent channel Porous media Convective boundary layer Subduction Multi-dune channel Bacteria motion Ventricular flow

11. Experimental set-up

12. Mixing layer: PTV (low seeding density)

13. Mixing layer: FT (large seeding density)

14. Internal waves: FT

15. Applications Fully developed turbulent channel Porous media Convective boundary layer Subduction Multi-dune channel Bacteria motion Ventricular flow

16. The experimental apparatus Camera (top view) Camera (lateral view) x z y Plate width - 30 cm - 20 cm - 10 cm

17. FT: Trajectories Fluid #2, plate width= 20 cm, lateral view

18. FT: Trajectories Fluid #2, plate width= 20 cm, top view

19. Applications Fully developed turbulent channel Porous media Convective boundary layer Subduction Multi-dune channel Bacteria motion Ventricular flow

20. The experimental apparatus Longitudinal section (dimensions in mm) A multi-dune is a device constructed from a sequence of closed parallel cylindrical tubes welded together in plane. The complex is sliced down its lateral mid-plane and the lower half is shifted laterally and then fixed relative to the upper half.

21. Multi-dune channel

22. FT – Trajectories: lower flow rate

23. FT - Trajectories: larger flow rate

24. Applications Fully developed turbulent channel Porous media Convective boundary layer Subduction Multi-dune channel Bacteria motion Ventricular flow

25. Bacteria motion

27. Applications Fully developed turbulent channel Porous media Convective boundary layer Subduction Multi-dune channel Bacteria motion Ventricular flow

28. Ventricle Tank Laser Camera Mirror Piston Motor Compliance Head losses Investigation of Ventricular Flow