2. Inclusion Instructional Strategies Reading Comprehension Grades 5-7 By: Sharon Lenhart Heidi Raitt Jo Lynne Cady

3. Language Arts Descriptor 1C - Students who meet the standard can comprehend a broad range of reading materials. Examples: Examples:  Ask and respond to open-ended questions  Identify the author's controlling idea/thesis  Interpret concepts or make connections through analysis, evaluation, inference, and/or comparison through analysis, evaluation, inference, and/or comparison

4. Accommodations Explicitly teach strategies for different reading materials (i.e., fiction, non-fiction) Explicitly teach strategies for different reading materials (i.e., fiction, non-fiction) Practice reading/discussing various materials in class (news articles, essays) Practice reading/discussing various materials in class (news articles, essays) Utilize cooperative groups to read and discuss articles Utilize cooperative groups to read and discuss articles Explicitly teach Explicitly teach figurative language terms figurative language terms Debate contrasting opinion Debate contrasting opinion articles in class articles in class

5. Accommodations Cont. Formulate questions prior to reading; answer them after reading Formulate questions prior to reading; answer them after reading Extra-credit for reading and summarizing newspaper and magazine articles or short stories Extra-credit for reading and summarizing newspaper and magazine articles or short stories Practice identifying the main idea for various styles of writing Practice identifying the main idea for various styles of writing Create reading buddies to read Create reading buddies to read and discuss material and discuss material Provide the same Provide the same book/novel written at book/novel written at various reading levels various reading levels

6. Modifications Quiz or test students on fewer questions related to the text. Quiz or test students on fewer questions related to the text. Simplify visual aids and Simplify visual aids and require the student to learn require the student to learn less material. less material. Allow students to list the characters of a story instead of the “big ideas”. Allow students to list the characters of a story instead of the “big ideas”. Allow students to prepare a book cover instead of a book report. Allow students to prepare a book cover instead of a book report. Allow students to prepare a poster instead of a research paper. Allow students to prepare a poster instead of a research paper.

7. Teacher Resources International Reading Association Newark, DE 19714 Tel: (302) 731-1600 www.reading.org Professional literacy association Direct Instruction Reading Text By Douglas W. Carnine Publisher – Merrill Prentice Hall LinguiSystems, Inc. East Moline, IL 61244 www.linguisystems.com Teaching Materials Jamestown Education Columbus, OH 43216 www.jamestowneducation.com Teaching Materials PCI Education San Antonio, TX 782265 www.SpecialEd.net Teaching Materials

8. Tips For Parents 1.Read with your child and discuss the “big ideas”. 2.Subscribe to a magazine your child has an interest in and child has an interest in and discuss the articles together. discuss the articles together. 3. Read and discuss the newspaper with your child. 4. Build a library in your own home. 5. Take your child to the library and let them sign up for their own library card.

9. Tips for Parents, cont. 6. Read aloud to your children whatever their ages. 7. Stimulate discussion by asking open-ended questions that do not have right or wrong answers, but instead, invite thinking and learning: “How do you feel about…?” 8.Model thinking about what you read by stopping to discuss a key point. stopping to discuss a key point.

10. Research Research Gersten, R., Fuchs, L.S., Williams, J.P., Baker,S., (1998 Summer). Teaching reading comprehension strategies to students with learning disabilities: A review of research. Review of Educational Research 71(2), 279-320. Reviewed 20 years of reading comprehension research Narrative and expository text interventions School age children with LD

11. Research, cont. Best Practices: - narrative- story grammar (story Maps) - expository – teaching multiple strategies vs. one strategy - multiple strategies seem to boost transfer of comprehension across materials Future Research - student characteristics and amount of modeling required - multiple strategy instruction and transfer across materials transfer across materials

12. Research Jitendra, A., Hoppes, M., & Xin, Y., (2000). Enhancing Main Idea Comprehension for Students with Learning Problems: The Role of a Summarization Strategy and Self-Monitoring Instruction. The Journal of Special Education, 34(3), 127-139. 18 students (experimental group), 15 students (control group) / middle school 18 students (experimental group), 15 students (control group) / middle school Small group instruction, taught a main idea strategy, and self-monitoring procedure Small group instruction, taught a main idea strategy, and self-monitoring procedure Results indicated students in the experimental group out performed the control group in recalling main ideas and maintained usage of the strategy over time. Results indicated students in the experimental group out performed the control group in recalling main ideas and maintained usage of the strategy over time.

13. Research Research Salembier, G., (1999). SCAN and RUN: A reading comprehension strategy that works. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 42(5), 386-394. 95 eighth grade students (low, average, high achievers, and students with LD and E/BD disorders) 95 eighth grade students (low, average, high achievers, and students with LD and E/BD disorders) Strategy used with expository text Strategy used with expository text Results: Results: Prior to strategy homework scores, mean of 65% 8 weeks after strategy, mean of 84% Prior to strategy test & quiz scores, mean of 72% 8 weeks after strategy, mean of 86%

14. Special Organizations International Reading Association http://www.reading.org Reading Is Fundamental http://www.rif.org

15. Technology Online web sites with free literacy games http://www.Funschool.com http://www.Funschool.com http://www.Funschool.com http://www.StarFall.com http://www.StarFall.comhttp://www.StarFall.com Reading Realities At-Risk Series Software Reading Concepts SoftwarePCI Education PCI Education“Real-life” situations teach Builds skills in inference,reading comprehension skills factual recall, fact or opinion, and drying conclusions

16. Web Site Evaluation Web Site Evaluation http://www.Readingquest.org Developed by Raymond C. Jones Developed by Raymond C. Jones Assistant Professor at Wake Forest Univ. Assistant Professor at Wake Forest Univ. Provides reading comprehension strategies and sites that support each particular strategy Provides reading comprehension strategies and sites that support each particular strategy Lists strategies (KWL, Graphic Organizers that we have learned at NIU) Lists strategies (KWL, Graphic Organizers that we have learned at NIU) Good Web Site Good Web Site

17. Web Site Evaluation Web Site Evaluation http://www.literacy.uconn.edu Developed by Dr. Donald Leu and Julie Coiro Developed by Dr. Donald Leu and Julie Coiro Includes links to literacy sites, including instruction in KWL, SQ3R, and the Cloze procedure Includes links to literacy sites, including instruction in KWL, SQ3R, and the Cloze procedure Provides links to research and literacy journals Provides links to research and literacy journals Can search by grade level Can search by grade level Provides links to materials and curricula for multiple literacy subjects Provides links to materials and curricula for multiple literacy subjects Good Web Site Good Web Site

18. Web Site Evaluation http://abcteach.com/directory/reading comprehension/ http://abcteach.com/directory/reading comprehension/ No reference to research No reference to research Purpose: Access to worksheet printouts Purpose: Access to worksheet printouts Can only use the site if you are a member Can only use the site if you are a member Annual fee for membership Annual fee for membership No information on when it was last updated No information on when it was last updated Not a good Web Site Not a good Web Site

19. Success is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has over come Quote by: Booker T. Washington