1. Port State Control

2. > PSC background and organization1
> PSC background and organization

3. Background
Purpose
Inspection
Authority – The rights of a port State
Development of Port State Control

4. Purpose & Inspections Purpose Inspections
To establish a “safety net” in order to catch and eliminate substandard ships
Inspections
on foreign ships in national ports
condition of ship and its equipment
manning and ships operations
undertaken on the basis of
initiative of local Port State
flag request
information from anyone with interest in safety of the ship, crew, passengers and protection of marine environment

5. Authority – The rights of a port State
Port States have rights to exercise authority over ships in their waters
National law based on relevant Conventions in force
Boarding & Inspection
Remedial action
Possible detention
Provisions
SOLAS, MARPOL, LL, IGC, IBC, STCW, Tonnage, ILO
Additional national rules and regulations
Example: the Oil Pollution Act, 1990 (OPA 90) adopted by the United States

6. Development of Port State Control
Organisation of Port States
National Organisation : U.S.Coast Guard
Regional Memoranda of Understanding (“MOU”) in other areas
exchange of information
monitoring substandard ships
uniform training PSCOs

7. Development of Port State Control
Regional Port State organisations:
Europe and the North Atlantic (Paris MOU)
Latin America (Acuerdo de Viña del Mar)
Asia and the Pacific (Tokyo MOU)
Caribbean (Caribbean MOU)
the Mediterranean (Mediterranean MOU)
the Indian Ocean (Indian Ocean MOU)
West and Central Africa (Abuja MOU)
the Black Sea region (Black Sea MOU)

8. Development of Port State Control
Paris MOU

9. Development of Port State Control
Latin America MOU (Viña del Mar)

10. Development of Port State Control
Tokyo MOU

11. Development of Port State Control
Caribbean MOU

12. Development of Port State Control
Mediterranean MOU

13. Development of Port State Control
Indian Ocean MOU

14. Development of Port State Control
Abuja MOU

15. Development of Port State Control
Black Sea MOU

16. 2
> Role of PSC

17. General
Relevant instruments
Selection of ships
The PSC inspection process
Banning of ships
Publication
Black and Grey Lists of flags

18. Relevant Instruments Conventions: National rules and regulations
Load Line 1966 / SOLAS 1974 / MARPOL 73/78
STCW 78 / COLREG 72 / Tonnage 69 / ILO 147
National rules and regulations
PSC applies relevant instruments applicable in “its” State
No more favourable treatment for
ships of non-parties to conventions
ships below convention size

19. Selection of ships Priority inspections
Ships reported by pilots, port authorities or another State
Ships reported by another PSC authority as having outstanding deficiencies
Failure to report information to relevant authority on dangerous/ polluting cargo’s
Operational concerns about the ship
Collision, grounding on the way to the port
Alleged pollution violation
Erratic or unsafe manoeuvring or operated to pose danger to persons, property or environment
Ships suspended/ withdrawn from class for safety reasons
Target factor

20. Target factor Inspections by target factor – Relevant factors
Owner / Operator
Charterer
Flag
Ship's type and age
Class-related detentions rate above average
Non IACS or non EU recognised class society
History of PSC inspections in MOU
Ships visiting a port State region for the first time
After an absence of at least 6 months
Target factor > 50, mandatory inspection if last inspection > 1 month

21. The PSC inspection process
Initial inspection:
First impression
Documentation check
Walk around
Clear grounds for more detailed inspection
Evidence that the ship, its equipment or its crew do not correspond to the requirements of relevant conventions
Master or crewmembers not familiar with essential shipboard operational procedures
More detailed inspections
In-depth inspection covering the ship's construction, equipment, manning, living and working conditions

22. The PSC inspection process – Expanded inspections
Applicable for following ships:
oil tankers > 3000 gross tonnage and > 15 years
bulk carriers > 12 years
passenger ships > 15 years
gas and chemical carriers > 10 years
Inspection frequency once a year
In between expanded inspections a normal inspection is possible

23. The PSC inspection process
Ship selected
for inspection
Ship selected
for inspection
General
Inspections

24. Banning of ships
Ships proceeding to sea without complying with PSC conditions
detained ships
ships with suspended hazardous operations
All ships not calling into the indicated repair yard
Gas carriers, chemical tankers, bulk carriers, oil tankers and passenger ships
after the 2nd detention in 3 years if it is in the “very high risk” or “high risk” category on the Black List
after the 3rd detention in 2 years if it is in a lower risk category on the Black List

25. Banning of ships
Paris MOU website: List of banned ships

26. Publication Monthly lists of inspected/detained ships Annual report
black-grey and white list
statistics

27. Publication
Black and grey list
MOU Paris MOU Tokyo

28. > Performance of Class Societies3
> Performance of Class Societies

29. General
Responsibility criteria and performance
Appeal procedure
Follow-up actions

30. Performances of Classification Societies
Criteria for the responsibility assessment of the classification societies: “Class related detentions”
Deficiencies which warrant detentions covered by a CS survey or where CS has issued certification
Accidental damage will not be class related
Serious wastage will be listed as a CS responsibility
Outdated equipment will not be associated, unless outdated at the time of last survey
Expired statutory certificates will not be associated with CS
Time limit of 90 days generally placed on equipment deficiencies, unless it is apparent that the deficiency existed at the time of last survey
ISM deficiencies shall be class related only when the CS has issued the DOC or SMC and the deficiency existed at the last audit conducted by the CS

31. Performances of Classification Societies

32. Performances of Classification Societies

33. Performances of Classification Societies
Europe – Directive 94/57/EC
Regime of sanctions against the Recognized Organization (RO) in case of insufficient safety performances:
Fines
Suspension of the recognition
Withdrawal of the recognition

34. Performances of Classification Societies
IACS
Definition of a number of Common Performance Indicators (CPIs) – Among these indicators, three are related to PSC:
CPI 1: Members to be included on the Paris MOU and USCG high performance lists
CPI 2: IACS and Member’s Paris, Tokyo MoU and USCG “Class related” detentions as a % of inspections
CPI 3: IACS and Member’s Paris, Tokyo MoU and USCG total detentions as a % of inspections
Annual results reviewed by the IACS Advisory Committee and the IACS Council annual Quality Management Review

35. Appeal Procedure Appeal against class-related decisions
Generally through the central PSC organization of the Country,
Except in France and Italy: local
Preferable to appeal right on the spot, to the PSC Officer himself
Easier as long as the detention is not recorded into the PSC database: after, this involves the hierarchy and heavier administrative burden
Must be documented
BUT ABOVE ALL: THOROUGH SURVEYS IN FULL COMPLIANCE WITH RULES AND REGULATIONS IS THE BEST PREVENTION AGAINST CLASS RELATED DETENTIONS

36. Appeal Procedure Attitude in case of Class related detention:
Advise immediately SSOM + PSC Coordinator
Think APPEAL: does it look possible or not ? (number and magnitude of class related deficiencies, date of last surveys?)
Collect on board any possible documentation which could help to support an appeal action. Get from the master a statement that the equipment was in operating order at the time of the class survey. THIS WORKS!
Cooperate with the PSC on the deficiencies, whilst discussing the appeal. If not accepted, tell him that the society reserves its right of appeal.
MIND: Your own survey report will be part of the appeal file: no negative comment on the condition of the vessel. Just report the remedial actions to satisfy the PSC deficiencies, and take the advice from your SSOM and colleagues!

37. Follow-up actions - KPI
COOPERATION WITH AUTHORITIES – RELATIONSHIP
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38. Follow-up actions – Neptune

39. Follow-up actions – Neptune
COOPERATION WITH AUTHORITIES – RELATIONSHIP

40. Follow-up actions – Neptune
COOPERATION WITH AUTHORITIES – RELATIONSHIP

41. Follow-up actions – Neptune
COOPERATION WITH AUTHORITIES – FOLLOW-UP

42. > Detainable deficiencies4
> Detainable deficiencies

43. Examples of detainable deficiencies
Under SOLAS:
Failure of the main propulsion, electrical, pumping and steering system
Poor cleanliness of engine room
Absence, insufficient capacity or poor condition of LSA equipment
Absence, non-compliance or poor condition of FFE, ventilation valves, fire dampers and quick closing devices
Absence, non-compliance or poor condition of navigation lights, shapes and sound signals
Absence of corrected nautical charts and publications
Absence or failure of mandatory navigation systems and equipment
Number, composition or certification of crew not corresponding to safe manning certificate
Serious deficiency of crews operational competence

44. Examples of detainable deficiencies
Under LOAD LINES:
Significant areas of damage or corrosion affecting seaworthiness
Insufficient stability or ability to calculate stability conditions
Absence or poor condition of hull closing devices
Overloading
Under MARPOL:
Absence, poor condition or failure of oily-water filtering equipment, oil discharge monitoring and control systems and alarms
Remaining capacity of slop and/or sludge tank insufficient for intended voyage
Absence of oil record book

45. Examples of detainable deficiencies
Under STCW:
Lack of or insufficient crewmember certificates/endorsements
Inadequate navigational or engineering watch arrangements/personnel
Crewmember competency not adequate for the duties assigned for the safety of the ship and the prevention of pollution
Under ILO Conventions:
Insufficient food or potable water for next voyage
Excessively unsanitary conditions onboard
No heating in accommodation if ship operating in low temperature areas
Excessive garbage, blocked passageways

46. Most frequent deficiencies
MOU Paris MOU Tokyo
Main categories of deficiencies

47. Most frequent deficiencies
MOU Paris MOU Tokyo
Safety related deficiencies