1. Neuron Note #1
AP Psychology review

2. Three-year-old Johnny used to say “mikk” when he wanted a glass of milk. Now he is able to say “milk” quite clearly. In this instance, Johnny has made a gain in his use of:
Phonemes
Syntax
Morphemes
Linguistic heuristics
Connotations

3. Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate?
Humans are capable of producing about 100 phonemes
A letter of the alphabet is represented by more than one phoneme if it has more than one pronunciation
All languages use all of the phonemes of which humans are capable
Phonemes are combined into morphemes
There are about 50,000 morphemes in the English language

4. A child who says, “I sawed a cat in the yard,” is making which of the following errors?
Overextension
Underextension
Overregularization
Underregularization
Metalinguistic

5. When the word “oat” is changed to the word “boat,” the number of:
Phonemes and morphemes are both increased
Phonemes stays the same, but the number of morphemes is increased
Phonemes increases, but the number of morphemes stays the same
Phonemes decreases, but the number of morphemes stay the same
Phonemes and morphemes both stay the same

6. The word “unchangeable” consists of:
Nine morphemes, one for each letter of the alphabet used
One morpheme, for the entire word
Four morphemes, one for each syllable
Three morphemes: “un,” “change” and “able”
Two morphemes: “un” and “changeable”

7. Semantics is the component of language concerned with:
The dictionary definition of a word
Specifying rules for how words can be arranged into sentences
Creating novel messages from a finite number of symbols
Correctly pronouncing the prefixes, suffixes and root words of a language
Understanding the meaning of words and word combinations

8. The sentence, “The nervous the stared thick at exam student” would be virtually impossible for an English speaker to understand because the sentence violates the rules of English:
Linguistic relativity
Syntax
Morphemes
Phonemes
Semantics

9. In language development, babbling refers to producing:
Different cries to signify different kinds of discomfort
A wide variety of phonemes and consonant-vowel combinations
Sound by placing the tongue near the back of the mouth
Random combinations of words
Sound with the lips and the front part of the mouth

10. In general, toddlers can:
Say more words than they understand
Only use about 10 different words
Understand and say about the same number of words
Use more “action” words than “object” words
Understand more words than they can say

11. If you were to compare adult speech with the speech of infants under 6 months of age you should expect that:
Infants produce more morphemes than adults do
Adults are capable of producing more phonemes than infants are
Infants produce more phonemes than adults do
Adults and infants both use the same number of phonemes
Adults and infants both use the same number of morphemes

12. Three-year-old Johnny used to say “mikk” when he wanted a glass of milk. Now he is able to say “milk” quite clearly. In this instance, Johnny has made a gain in his use of:
Phonemes
Syntax
Morphemes
Linguistic heuristics
Connotations

13. Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate?
Humans are capable of producing about 100 phonemes
A letter of the alphabet is represented by more than one phoneme if it has more than one pronunciation
All languages use all of the phonemes of which humans are capable
Phonemes are combined into morphemes
There are about 50,000 morphemes in the English language

14. A child who says, “I sawed a cat in the yard,” is making which of the following errors?
Overextension
Underextension
Overregularization
Underregularization
Metalinguistic

15. When the word “oat” is changed to the word “boat,” the number of:
Phonemes and morphemes are both increased
Phonemes stays the same, but the number of morphemes is increased
Phonemes increases, but the number of morphemes stays the same
Phonemes decreases, but the number of morphemes stay the same
Phonemes and morphemes both stay the same

16. The word “unchangeable” consists of:
Nine morphemes, one for each letter of the alphabet used
One morpheme, for the entire word
Four morphemes, one for each syllable
Three morphemes: “un,” “change” and “able”
Two morphemes: “un” and “changeable”

17. Semantics is the component of language concerned with:
The dictionary definition of a word
Specifying rules for how words can be arranged into sentences
Creating novel messages from a finite number of symbols
Correctly pronouncing the prefixes, suffixes and root words of a language
Understanding the meaning of words and word combinations

18. The sentence, “The nervous the stared thick at exam student” would be virtually impossible for an English speaker to understand because the sentence violates the rules of English:
Linguistic relativity
Syntax
Morphemes
Phonemes
Semantics

19. In language development, babbling refers to producing:
Different cries to signify different kinds of discomfort
A wide variety of phonemes and consonant-vowel combinations
Sound by placing the tongue near the back of the mouth
Random combinations of words
Sound with the lips and the front part of the mouth

20. In general, toddlers can:
Say more words than they understand
Only use about 10 different words
Understand and say about the same number of words
Use more “action” words than “object” words
Understand more words than they can say

21. If you were to compare adult speech with the speech of infants under 6 months of age you should expect that:
Infants produce more morphemes than adults do
Adults are capable of producing more phonemes than infants are
Infants produce more phonemes than adults do
Adults and infants both use the same number of phonemes
Adults and infants both use the same number of morphemes